
                ਫ 



      ⥬ MSX-DOS ।ᬮ७ ᯮ짮 -  몠  
 ࠧ ०.      "ᮡ⢥"    㪠
⥬,  ன 㦨  ᯥ祭 ᮢ⨬   ᥬ⢮  設
PDP-11.  ஬ ०, ..  ० ᮢ⨬  PDP-11,  䬥-
᪨ ८ࠧ 믮 筮 ⠪ ,    ⠭⭮  몥
.  讥 ࠧ稥  ⨬ ०  ᮡ⢥ ⮨   ⮬,
  ᫥  믮 ⮬᪨ ८ࠧ  ଠ⮢  
室  ⨯ ᨬ쭮  ⨯ 楫. 筮   믮
 ०, ᮡ⢥  ⥬, ᫨  㪠 ⨢.
     室 ⠭    .  몥   ॣ-
஢ ࠢ ࠧ饭 ᨬ쭮 稭  ࠧ來 ⪨ 設
 ᫥ ᯮ짮  ७ ᫮.  ⥬ MSX-DOS ਭ
 ᨬ 祭 0  255  ⢨  稭.  ⮬
१ ८ࠧ ଠ ᨬ  ଠ 楫 筮  砥
⥫.  ⮬ 砥 訩  ⠭ 㫥.
       MSX-C ⪨ ଠ ॠ 筮 ⠪ ,  -
. ⮬    ⨥ ⪮ ଠ    -
.


        .1. ⢥ ० 


       ०  ࠪ      ଠ:  楫  ⠭
(intconst)  ᨬ쭮 ⠭ (charconst). 筮 㪠 ଠ -
 筮  ᮮ⢥騬 ଠ⠬ 楫   ᨬ쭩,
   ⨯ ࠭   ࠦ    ਢ      ᮮ-
⢨ 㪠  ଠ ᬠਢ  ࠧ.
      ०    ᮡ:  ந  ⮬᪮
८ࠧ ଠ⮢  室  ⨯ ᨬ쭮  楫. -
 ᫥騥 ᮣ襭  ८ࠧ ଠ⮢.
     ᫨   ࠭  ,   㣨 ࠭ ८ࠧ 
ଠ  . ଠ १ ⠪  .
     ᫨   ࠭ 楫, 㣮 ࠭ ८ࠧ  楫,  
१ ⠭ 楫.
     ᫨   ࠭ ᨬ, 㣮 ࠭ ८ࠧ  ᨬ-
,  १ ⠭ ⠪ ᨬ.
     ᫨   ࠭ - 楫 ⠭, 㣮 ࠭ ⠪  ८-
ࠧ  楫 ⠭,  १ ⠭ ⠭⮩ ᨬ-
o ⨯.
     ᫨  ࠭  ⨯ ᨬ쭮 ⠭, ⠭  ⨯
१ "ᨬ쭠 ⠭".



        .2.  ᮢ⨬  設 PDP-11


     믮  䬥᪨ ८ࠧ, ⢨⥫  ࠬ
ॠ樨 ⠭⭮ 몠 . ⢥ ࠧ稥 ⮨  ⮬,  
 MSX-C  ⨯ ᨬ  祭  .
      ० ᮢ⨬  設 PDP-11  ᫥- 騥  -
 ८ࠧ:
     -,  ࠭ ⨯ ᨬ쭮 ८ࠧ  ⨯ 楫.
     -, ᫨   ࠭  , 㣮 ࠭ ८ࠧ-
  ଠ  ,  ⠭   ଠ  १.
     ஬ ⮣,  ࠭   楫묨,  १  ⮬ 砥
㤥 ⠭  ଠ 楫.




        ਫ . ᥬ  ।


     .1. । ࠬ஢

     .1.. 砩 㭪権  䨪஢묨 ࠬࠬ


      砥 몭 㭪権 (㭪権   䨪஢묨  ࠬࠬ)
  ࠬ   ॣ,    ᫥騥  -    ⥪.
᫨  ࠬ  ᨬ ⨯,  頥  ॣ ,  ᫨
 - , -   ॣ஢ L. ᫨ ன ࠬ ᨬ,
 頥  ॣ ,   砥  㣮  ⨯  -      -
஢ D. ᫨ ⨩ ࠬ ⭮  ᨬ쭮 ⨯,  頥-
  ॣ ,  ᫨ 㣮 ⨯, -   ॣ஢ . 4- ࠬ  
 ᫥騥   ⥪  ⭮ 浪.  設 ⥪ -
頥  .   ࠧ頥   ⥪  ࠬ஢  
 . 祭 ᨬ쭮 ࠬ 頥  訩 , -
 襣  ⠥ ।.
      砥 ⠭ ० ᮢ⨬  設 PDP-11  ᯮ짮-
 ࠬ ⨯ ᨬ  ⫨: ८ࠧ   ᨬ쭮
ଠ  楫 ந ⮬᪨ ( ⮬ 訩  -
), ᫥ 祣  ᬠਢ ࠢ  㣨 ⨯.
     ࠢ ८ࠧ  ᢥ  ᫥ ⠡.


                                                -1

        ࠢ ८ࠧ ଠ⮢
      ० ᮢ⨬  設 PDP-11

____________________________________________________________

 ࠬ     ன  ⨩  4⢥     ...
____________________________________________________________

                         (SP+2)    (SP+4) ...

㣮 ⨯   HL       DE      BC     (SP+2)   (SP+4) ...
                                       (SP+3)   (SP+5) ...
____________________________________________________________

ਬ砭:  ० ᮢ⨬  設 PDP-11 ८-
              ⨯ ᨬ쭮  ⨯ 楫 믮-
             ⮬᪨   祭 ⨯ -
            ᬠਢ  "㣮 ⨯".

        ਬ
      맮 㭪樨

        sub('A', 0xABCD, 10, '0', -3);

। ᫥騥 祭 ࠬ஢:

____________________________________________________________
            ᮡ⢥        ᮢ⨬
                 ⥬              設 PDP-11
____________________________________________________________

   A            41H                     ---
   B            00H                     00H
   C            0AH                     0AH
   D            ABH                     ABH
   E            CDH                     CDH
   H            ---                     00H
   L            ---                     41H
 (SP+2)         00H                     00H
 (SP+3)         ---                     00H
 (SP+4)         FDH                     FDH
 (SP+5)         FFH                     FFH
____________________________________________________________




        B.1.b. 㭪樨  ६묨 ࠬࠬ


      뢠 㭪  ६묨 ࠬࠬ ,  ࠬ -
⠫  ⥪  ⭮ 浪.   設  ⥪  頥  
. ⢮ ࠬ஢, 饭  ⥪, 뢠   ॣ
HL.  ࠬ 頥     .
      ᮡ⢥ ० ᨬ ࠬ 頥  訩 ,  
祭 襣 ⠥ ।.  ० ᮢ⨬   PDP-11
ᨬ ⨯ ८ࠧ ⮬᪨  楫 ( ⮬  訩  
). ࠬ 㣨 ⨯ ࠧ  ⥪  ᮣ᭮  ࠢ
⠭   8080,  :   訩  ,
  - 訩.
      ।஢ 痢  㭪ﬨ    ६묨  ࠬࠬ
᫥  ⨢  

        int sub(. );

     ࠢ । ࠬ஢ 㭪権  ६묨 - ࠬ ਢ-
  ⠡.-3.



                                         -3

        ࠢ । ࠬ஢

 ࠬ    ⢮      ன   ⨩   ...

        HL      (SP+2)    (SP+4)   (SP+6)  ...
 㣮 ⨯     HL      (SP+2)    (SP+4)   (SP+6)  ...
                          (SP+3)    (SP+5)   (SP+7)

ਬ砭.  ० ᮢ⨬  設 PDP-11 ந-
            ⮬᪮ ८ࠧ ଠ⮢ 
           ᨬ쭮  楫,   ࠪ 
           "㣮 ⨯".


        ਬ

     । 맮 㭪樨

        sub(1, 'A', -3);

᫥  ⨢ 

        int sub(. );

     । ࠬ஢ ந  ⮬ 砥  ⠪,    ࠦ  
⠡.-4.


                                         -4

          , ᯮ㥬  ।
        ࠬ஢ 㭪権

_________________________________________________________
              
            ⢥   ⨬  PDP-11
  _____      
 _____
      
---------------------------------------------------------

    H                   00H             00H
    L                   03H             03H    H                00H
  (SP+2)                01H             01H
  (SP+3)                00H             00H    H                00H
  (SP+4)                41H             41H    H                00H
  (SP+5)                ---             00H    H                00H
  (SP+6)                FDH             FDH    H                00H
  (SP+7)                FFH             FFH    H                00H
_________________________________________________________




        .2.  祭 㭪樨


      । ࠢ 뢠饩 ணࠬ 㭪   ।
᢮ 祭 १ ॣ.  ⮬ 㭪  ⨯  ᨬ쭮  ।
祭 १ ॣ ; 㪭樨 㣨 ⨯ । ᢮ 祭 १
 ॣ஢ HL.  ० ᮢ⨬  PDP-11  㭪  ।  ᢮
祭 १  ஢ HL   ⮬ 砥,  㭪   ᨬ-
 ⨯.    뢠 ணࠬ    祭 -
 ᯮ짮 㪠⥫ ६  ࠬ  㣨 -ணࠬ.



        .3. 冷 맮 㪭権


       ࠧ ᠭ 楤 맮 㭪権 (  ஭  -
뢠饩 ணࠬ, ⠪      ஭  뢠  㭪樨).    맮
㭪権  ⥬ MSX-DOS  ᮡ ᫥騥 ࠢ (ࠢ -
। ࠬ஢  ஭ 뢠饩  ணࠬ    ࠢ  饭
㭪ﬨ  祭 ᠭ  । ࠧ  ਫ).


     .3.. ࠢ 맮 㭪権


     1. -, 뢠 ணࠬ ଫ ࠬ  頥  
ॣ  ⠫  ⥪ ᮣ᭮ ࠢ, ᠭ  ..1.
     2. ணࠬ 뢠 㭪.  맮  筮  ᯮ  ᫮
CALL.
     3. ᫥  ࠢ 㭪樥 ࠬ ⠫  ⥪
( ᯮ짮  POP). ᫨    ࠬ  ।祭    -
, ᯮ짮    室.  ⬥,  
 砥 ਬ  POP 頥 १ ॣ   HL 祭
㭪権   .
     4. 祭 㭪樨 頥 १  ॣ஢ HL १ ॣ
  ᨬ  ⮣,  ⨯ 㭪,
ᮣ᭮ ࠢ, ᠭ  ..1.


     .3.b. । ࠢ 뢠 㭪権

     뢠 㭪   ࠧ ᮤন 㪠⥫ ⥪.
     묨 ᫮, ᮤন 㪠⥫ ⥪  室  㭪樨 
 ⥬ ,   室    .  ࠬ,  㦥    ⥪,
 ⠫   뢠饩 ணࠬ. 뢠 㭪  -
  祭 ࠬ஢ ( ,    ।  १  -
, ⠪  㦥  ⥪.  ᫥ ભ,     몥
  ᮣ襭,  ࠬ ண 맮 㭪権 ⢫  
祭, ⮬  ᫨  饭  ࠬ,   -
 ﭨ   맮 㭪樨  .
     頥 祭 㭪樨 頥  ॣ        -
஢ HL -  ᨬ  ⨯ 맢 㭪樨.  ࠢ ᠭ 
।饬 ࠧ.

        ਬ 1

      ᫥饬 ਬ ஢ ᥬୠ 㭪 ISDIGIT,  -
 頥 祭 㭪樨 BOOL(char)  ॣ . 뢠 㭪
। ࠬ ᨬ쭮 ⨯ १ ॣ .

... 뢠 ணࠬ ( 몥 )...

typedef char BOOL; /*  । ᨬ쭮 ⨯  BOOL*/
...
    BOOL isdigit();
    char c;
        ...
    if (isdigit(c))
        ...
...

... 뢠 㭪 ( 몥 ᥬ)...

PUBLIC          ISDIGIT@
ISDIGIT@:       CPI '0'    ; ᫨  , 
                JC   FALSE ;    FALSE
                CPI  '9'+1 ; ᫨ .'9', 
                RC         ;    TRUE
FALSE:          XRA A      ; 
                RET        ;    FALSE

        ਬ 2

      ਬ ᮮ⢥  맮 㭪樨, ᠭ  ,  
ᥬ୮ 楤.
     ⠭  㭪樨  printf    puts  뢠    -
ᥬ୮ 楤. 䨪樨 㪠 㭪権   ࠧ 3  -
饣 㪮⢠, 室 ⥪ 祭  䠩    ᪥  ⠢,
⮬  㭪樨 printf  puts   ᠭ.  , 
᪮ 㭪 printf -  ६묨 ࠬࠬ, -  ࠬ ⠫-
  ⥪.   ਬ ࠬ ᥣ  ,      
  襣 ᫠ ࠬ஢    ⥪  ⭮  ᫥-
⥫쭮. 4᫮ ࠬ஢ ।  뢠  㭪  १  
ॣ஢ HL ( ਢ ਬ १ ॣ HL । ᫮  1).
᫥   뢠 㭪樨  믮 樨 ⠫-
  ⥪ (  ਬ  POP 㤥 믮  1  ࠧ).  -
,  ࠬ ⠭  ⥪ 뢠饩 ணࠬ.
      㣮 ஭, 㭪 puts ਭ   㭪権   䨪-
묨 ࠬࠬ.  ᨬ쭮 ᫥⥫쭮  ।  १
 ॣ஢.

        EXTRN PRINTF@
        EXTRN PUTS@

EXAMPLE: LXI H,MSG    ;  ⥪  ᨬ쭮 ப
         PUSH H
         LXI  H,1     ; 㧨 ᫮ ࠬ஢
         CALL PRINTF@ ; 맮 楤, ନ饩 뢮
         POP  H       ; ⠫ ࠬ஢  ⥪
         LXI  H,MSG   ; 㧨  ப
         JMP  PUTS@   ; 맮 㭪樨 뢮 ப

MSG:     DB   'HELLO,WORLD',0AH,0





                ਫ 

     ᮡ ⭮ ॠ樨 몠 



       ࠧ ᠭ ᮡ ॠ樨 ⨯ ,  
ॣ஢  ⠭⭮ 몥 .  , ॠ㥬  ᭮
16-⮢ ⮢  ,  ⠪: 砫 뢠  -
訩 ,  ⥬ 訩     ᫥饬  .  ७
।⠢  16-⮢  筮 ⠭⭮  ।⠢
  ⥬ 8080.
      MSX-C  㪠⥫ 16-⮢  , ᫥⥫-
,       ,   ६ 楫 ⨯.
      ⨯ "⪮ "  楫 ।⠢   設  ᮢ-
襭 ,    ⠡.-1.



                                                       -1
                ।⠢   ࠧ筮 ⨯
          --------------------------------------------------------
                       ,           祭
                          ⮢
          --------------------------------------------------------
                  8             0  255
           Ko⪨        16        -32768  32767
                      16        -32768  3276716
                   16             0  65535
          ________________________________________________________





                ਫ D


        ⫨ ॠ樨 
         ⠭⭮ 몠 ,
        ਭ⮣  ⥬ UNIX V7


       ࠧ ᬮ७  ࠧ 몠 ,  ॠ-
  ⥬ MSX-DOS,  ⠭ 몠, ਭ⮣  ⥬ UNIX V7.
      ࠧ  㫨஢  ᫥饬 .
     1.  ⥪饩 ᨨ ⥬ MSX-DOS  ন ⨯:    -
饩 筮 窮,  ଠ,  筮.
     2.  ন ⮢ .
     3.  ࠭祭  ⠭ ࠦ.
     4.  MSX-C ᯥ稢   㭪権: ४ᨢ  -
ᨢ.  裡  ⨬  몥 १ࢨ 祢 ᫮  "recursive"
 "nonrec", 㦠騥 㪠⥫ﬨ ० 믮 㭪権.  ,
᫨ 㪠 ⨯ 㭪樨  ४ᨢ,  ꥪ       -
 ॥.
     5.  㭪樨, ᫮  ⨯ ࠬ஢    ६-
묨 ࠪ⨪ (ਬ, ⠪ 㭪樨,  printf, scanf  -
 㣨).  㭪樨 ⫨  㣨,      ࠧ-
,   襭 䥪⨢  ꥪ⭮  .  
⨯ 㭪権 뢠 㭪ﬨ  ६묨 ࠬࠬ,  ன - -  
䨪஢묨.
     6.  ⫨  ⠭⭮ 몠   ॠ樨  䥪⨢
।   ꥤ  童.    
  ᥩ  ᫥   ᪠ (  ᠬ  童 -
   ࠧ , "" ஬ MSX-C).
     7.  믮 ⮬᪨ ८ࠧ ⨯  室 
㪠⥫   ⨯ 楫  ⭮.  ⠭⭮ 몥  ࠧ襭
樨 ࠢ 祭 㪠⥫  楫,   ॠ樨   -
⥬ MSX ᬥ訢 㪠 ⨯ 맮  ᮮ饭    訡.  
 ०  ࠧ, 㪠    "-t".
     8.  ᨬ   祭  .
     9.  ন ⮢ 樨    楫  ᨬ쭮
ᯮ짮 쬨⮢ ய஢.  ⮩ 楫  ࠢ
䬥᪨ ८ࠧ. ஡   ࠢ ᮤন 
ࠧ 2.
     10. ᪮  MSX-C ন ⮬-  ।-
 ॣ஢  ६,   ᥣ ⠭ ⮬-
᪨ (auto).  । ॣ, ᠭ  ࠧ 2.
     11.  MSX-C     ⥪  ਥ.  
㭪 ᯥ稢   ᠭ    ணࠬ,  ᮤঠ
ਨ,  ⥫   ᢮  ।  ᮤঠ  ਨ.  ᫨
㪠   "-c",   ਥ  ந  
㤥,  ⢥砥  ⠭⭮ 몠 .
     12.    ⢨⥫쭮  ᮣ襭    ⮬᪮  ஢
㭪権   ࠬ஢.  㪠  "-f"    㤮⢮
ᮣ襭  ⮬᪮ ஢ 㭪権  ࠬ஢,  ᮮ-
 ࠢ ⠭  .
     13.   ᨨ   ।  ९  "#if"  
ন. ਠ, ୠ⨢ "#if", ஡  ᠭ    
 ࠧ .
     14.   । ९ "#pragma".    
뢠 ᠬ ࠧ 㪠 .

       ᨨ   ন ⨯    饩
窮,  筮   ଠ.     ᯥ祭 
饬 ᮢ⨬  ஬ ⠭⭮ 몠   ᯮ짮-
 ᫮ "float", "double"  "long"  ⢥ 䨪஢ ६
 ⮪.
        ⠭ ࠦ 㪠   ⨯  㭠
 "sizeof".
     1) ࠧ ᫥  "case" ( ⢥ ⪨);
     2)  ⥫ ᨢ  ⢥  ࠧ୮.   ࠭-
     ⠭ ࠦ,      -
. ஬ ⮣,   ᯥ祭 ᫮,     ࠭-
祭  ᥫ   ࠪ⨪   ନ஢ -.
      ⠭⭮ 몥  ਭ,   㭪樨  ४ᨢ묨.
  MSX-C ਭ,  㭪樨    ४ᨢ묨, ⠪
    ४ᨢ묨.    ࠧ祭      㣨      ᫮:
"recursive"  "nonrec".  ᫮ 뢠 㪠⥫ﬨ ०  믮
㭪樨,      ᨭ⠪ ᠭ 㭪樨  ᫥饬 :


     ⥫ ० 믮:
        nonrec
        recursive

     । 㭪樨:
⥫ ०   㪠⥫ ⨯    㭪樨   ⥫
                opt               opt

     ⥫ ० 믮 㭪樨   饭.    
 ० ⠭ ⮣ 㪠⥫  㬮砭. 筮  㬮砭
⠭ ० "recursive",    ।  ९-
 "pragma" 㬮砭  . ਬ, ᫥騥  ।
९

        #pragma nonrec
        #pragma recursive

     ⠭ ० 믮 㭪樨  㬮砭    ࢮ  砥
 ४ᨢ,   ஬ -  ४ᨢ.   㪠 -
  ४ᨢ 㭪  ⠪     饬  砥
 祭  䥪⨢ , 祬   砥  ⢨  ⮩
ଠ樨  .
     ᨢ 㭪樨  ॥ࠡ묨  ࠭祭  㯠
     ᪮    ६  ⨯  譨.  ४ᨢ
㭪樨 ᠭ  ஬ ࠧ.

      MSX-C  ﭨ ࠡ뢠 㭪樨  ⨯:  -
ﭭ묨   ६묨 ࠬࠬ. ࠬ 㭪権 ࢮ   䨪-
஢    ⨯, ⠪   . 㭪樨 ண    -
,    ⭮ ࠭,   ⨯     ⢥
 .  ⠭⭮ 몥   㭪樨 ⮫쪮 ࢮ ,  ..
 ﭭ묨 ࠬࠬ.  ભ,  㭪樨    ६묨
ࠬࠬ   ࠬ  MSX-C.  㭪樨 ⭮ 
㭪 ࢮ . ࠬ 㭪権 ண   ।  १
⥪,    ࠬ 㭪権  ࢮ    ।  १  -
.  ஬ 砥   䥪⨢ ꥪ .
     ᮡ  㭪権  ६묨 ࠬࠬ ᠭ    ࠧ  2.
  ⮫쪮 ଠ  맮.
     । ⥬,    㭪    ६묨  ࠬࠬ,  
㦭   ᫥饬 :

        FILE *fopen(. )
        int scanf(. )

     騥 㭪樨 ⠭⭮ ⥪  㭪ﬨ  ६-
묨 ࠬࠬ:

fopen, printf, sprintf, fprintf, scanf, sscanf, fscanf, execl

     ᠭ    㭪権  祭     䠩   ⠭   
"STDIO.H".  筮 ᯮ짮  㭪権  ᮢ襭  -
    ।  㭪権  ६묨 ࠬࠬ.
      ⫨稥  ⠭⭮ 몠   䥪⨢ ।  
  童 ꥤ.  ⠭⭮       童  -
    ࠧ  ⮫쪮  砥,     
 ⨯     ᬥ饭      .  
MSX-C   童 ⠪,  ਭ  ᪠   .  
ࠧ,      童    ࠧ    -
 ࠢ쭮 ࠡ⠭ -஬ ⥬ MSX.
      ⢥ ਬ ᬮਬ ᫥饥 ᠭ:

        struct node  {
                char *word;
                int count;
                struct node *next;
        }   pool [1000] ,*p;
        struct noad   {
                int atr;
                struct noad *next;
        }  table [10] , *q;

      ⠭⭮ 몥     ࠢ쭮, ⮬ 
 童 "next"     "node"  "noad",    ⨯
 ᬥ饭  ᮣᮢ.   ࠬ ⥬ MSX    ।
 ࠢ묨.     ᫥ 

        p->next   ,

      뢠 童 ⨯ "struct node" (⮬  "p"   㪠-
⥫ ⨯ "struct node").  ⠪ ਥ    ࠢ-
 童 ⥬ ண 㪠  ⨯. ,   "."  "->" -
 童   㪠⥫ﬨ ,  童, ᠭ  
⢥ ࠢ   権.
     ਬ,

        i->count

     砥 "i"   㪠⥫ ⨯ "struct node",   楫. ⮬
 MSX-C ⠪   .  ⮣, ⮡  
⠪  १, 室 ९ ਢ  ࠦ  ᫥騬
ࠧ:

        ((struct node *)i)->count

      ਢ  ਬ  ⮣, ⮡   "->"  뫠  
᮪ ࠭,   "cast", ᫥ 

        (struct node *) i

  ᪮.
      ⮣,   㤥 ८ࠧ ⨯ 㪠⥫  楫,   믮-
   㭪樨 cast,     믮.
       믮 䬥᪨ 権  砥 㪠⥫ ࠧ
⨯ ⠪ 室 ᯮ짮 㭪 cast. ਬ,  砥 -


        int   i;
        char  *p;
        int   *q;

樨

        p=i;
        if (p==i)
        q=p;
        if (p==q)

 ⬥祭  訡.
       訡 ⮬,  ந ⠭   ⨯
㪠⥫  楫  樨 ࠢ   .    ᫥  ⠪
訡, ⮬  ᬮ  ,   "p",  "q"   㪠-
ﬨ,   ᯥ஢ ࠧ묨 ⨯,  ⮬    ⬥
  訡.  訡  ࠭    ᯮ짮  㭪樨
cast,  㪠   ࢮ 室  "-t".
      㣮 ஭, ࠧ襭 ८ࠧ ⨯  楫  㪠⥫
 ⭮.  ᫮ ⥬,   몥  楫 ⠭ 0  ᯮ-
  㪠⥫ ᮡ . ਬ, 

        char *p;
        if (p!=0)
              p=0;

 ᮤন 訡.
      㦥 뫮 㪠 , ⨯ 楫  㪠⥫  ᬥ訢 
।  MSX-C.  ᮣ襭    -
 襣 ⨫ ணࠬ஢,  ஬ ⫠  ணࠬ  ⠭-
 .
     ᬠਢ    祭  ⨯  ᨬ쭮
 稭  .  ࠧ, 稭 ६ ᨬ쭮 ⨯
    । 祭 0 - 255.    ⠪  -
⥫묨. ࠢ 䬥᪨ ८ࠧ ᠭ  ਫ .
      ࠬ ⠭⭮ 몠      ࠭
㭪権    騥 楫 祭. ࠬ -
 ⨯,  諨   ᯨ᮪  ࠬ஢,    楫묨.
ᬠਢ     ᯮ짮    㬮砭.
 , 訩 ⨫ ணࠬ஢ । ᠭ   -
䨪஢  ⮣,        믮  뫪:  ⮬᪨
뫪 믮  .
      ,  ⭮  㭪  ⠭⭮  ⥪,
ᠭ  䠩 ⠭   ,  ⮬      ⠭
㭪権  ᯮ짮   .  ⮬    짮⥫᪨
ணࠬ  ᮤঠ 뫪  䠩 STDIO.H  ᠬ 砫  ⥪  
। #include.
     , ᫨ 㪠   樨    "-f",  㪠  ᠭ
㭪権    㬮砭.  箬  楫ᮮࠧ  짮-
, ᫨ ॡ ᯥ ᮢ⨬  ⠭⮬   .

       ᨨ ᬠਢ   ন ।-
 ९ "#if".     㪠  ।
㣨: "#ifdef"   "ifndef".  ⠪  㣨  ਠ  
। "#if". ᬠਢ        
⪮ ணࠬ, 믮   ॡ   ண. ⮬
  筮 ⠪  १, ᫨ ਬ  "if" -
 । "#if". ਬ,   ⥪   ᫥
ணࠬ  .

        ணࠬ 1:
        #if sizeof(FCB) !=sizeof(char [36])
                Open MSX();
        #else
                OpenOTHER();
        #endif

        ணࠬ 2:
        if (sizeof(FCB)!=sizeof(char[36]))
                OpenMSX();
        else
                OpenOTHER();

     । ९ "#pragma"  ਬ    ⮣,  ⮡
 ᠬ ࠧ 㪠 .  ।   ,
஬ 㪠 ० ᮢ⨬  設 PDP-11      
  室 ணࠬ.    ⢥  ਬ஢  ਢ  ᥬ
।   ᮮ⢥ ४⨢ :

        1. #pragma pdp-11mode

       ४⨢    ࠡ뢠  ०  ᮢ⨬  
PDP-11.  ।  易⥫쭮  ᠭ    -
  室 ணࠬ. ஬ ⮣,    ⢥
। ⠪   ணࠬ.  ᮡ⢥ ० ⥬ MSX -
    ᢮⢮ ⠪ ᮢ⨬. ⮬   㪠
० ᮢ⨬  PDP-11  室 䠩  (  ⠪  䠩  
㭪ﬨ ⠭⭮ ⥪) 㦭  ४஢    ।
"#pragma".  ० ᮢ⨬  PDP-11  ஡    
ਫ .

        2. #pragma optimize time

      㪠   ⠪,   ࠥ ᣥ-
஢ ꥪ , ⫨騩   ᮪  ᪮  믮,
  砥,      .

        3. #pragma optimize space

      ⠪ 㪠  ⠥   ᣥ஢  -
 ꥪ ,     祭   ᯮ.

        4. #pragma nonrec

     ⮩ ४⨢      㬮砭  ०  믮
㭪権  ४ᨢ.  믮 㭪権  㬮砭 ᠭ 
ࠧ, ।  ਫ.

        5. #pragma recursive

        । ⠭  㬮砭  ०  -
 㭪権  ४ᨢ.  믮 㭪権    㬮砭
ᠭ  ࠧ, । ਫ.

        6. #pragma regalo

       ४⨢ ந ।  ॣ஢    
樨 . 筮 ⨢ ⮩  䠧    믮
砫쭮.

        7. #pragma noregalo

       樨஢ 䠧 । ॣ஢   -
樨 . 筮  䠧 樨.




                ਫ 

         १ࢨ஢ ᫮ 몠



     騥 ᫮ ᯮ  祢  ࠬ   MSX-C,
   ᯮ짮  ⢥ ⮪   ६.

        auto            extern          return
        break           float           short
        case            for             sizeof
        char            goto            static
        continue        if              struct
        default         int             switch
        do              long            typedef
        double          nonrec          union
        else            recursive       unsigned
        entry           register        while

     ᬮ  ,   ⠭⭮ 몥  ᫮ "४ᨢ"   "-
४ᨢ"   祢묨,  १ࢨ஢  ࠬ  ᬠ-
ਢ . .. ᫮ "entry"   祢     ⠭-
⭮ -,    ॠ樨 ,   
祢  ᮣ襭.  "float", "double",  "long"      ᨨ
-  ন,      ⠪  १ࢨ஢  
ᯥ祭 ᮢ⨬  ⠭ 몮 .




                ਫ F

       ⨫ ஢ન ࠬ஢ 㭪権 FPC



      ⨫ 㦨  ஢ન ᮮ⢥⢨ ⨯ ࠬ஢, 
।  맮 㭪樨,  ⨯ 頥  祭. FPC -
 䠩  -  ஢ ᮮ⢥⢨ 䠪᪨ ࠬ஢,   -
묨 ந 饭  㭪樨,  ଠ ࠬ஢,  
। ⮩ 㭪樨. ᪮ 㤭  ஢ઠ ⨯  
맮 㭪権  娫ᮢ  ⮩    MSX-C,  ਬ
⮩ ⨫   ⥫ ᨫ, 稢    -
 ணࠬ.
      맮 ⮩ ⨫ 뢠  ᫥饬 :

        FPC  ०   䠩1   䠩2 ... 䠩n

       "䠩1",  "䠩2",...      䠩,  ⠢
 室 ணࠬ 짮⥫. ( ⠪   㪠뢠
⨯ 䠩).  ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠 ᨬ: 窨   
. .. ⨫      䠩    -  ஢塞
ணࠬ,   ᪠ ࠧ  ᫥ ᯥ譮 襭 -
  ४ 뫮 ( 室     ᮯ஢
ᮮ饭ﬨ   訡).      ஫    祭  ⠪  䠩
"LIB.TCO",  ᮤন   ,  騥  ⭮襭    ⥪
⠭ 㭪権. 筠 ᫥⥫쭮  樨  짮-
⥫᪮ ணࠬ ਢ  (饭 ⠯ ᥬ஢  ।-
஢ 痢.

        CF      PROG
        FPC     LIB     PROG
        CG      -K      PROG

      믮 ⨫:

   -s    ਭ㤨⥫쭮 த  ⭮
        ࠡ⪨   砥 㦥 訡.  ०
          ࠧ ஢થ 讣 ᫠ ணࠬ;
   -u    ஢ 뫮  । 㭪.
           㪠, 뫪  㭪,  騬
        ।,    訡;
   -t   ० ஢ન ⨯ ;  ⮬ ० ஢
        ࠧ稥  ⨯ int,unsigned, pointers.  -
         ०  ⨯ ࠪ  ;1
   -i   㪠  뤠 ।०  ᢥ 맮.

     饭  訡

      ⮬ ࠧ ਭ ᫥騥 祭

 䠩 - 㪠⥫  ⮣ 䠩,   訡
㭪1  -  ⮩ 㭪樨,   訡;
㭪2  -  ⮩ 㭪樨,  訡筮 뢠.

     In < 䠩> "㭪1" was multiple defined
      ᮮ饭 ᨣ  ⮬,  "㭪1"  ⥫  ணࠬ
।    ⮣ ࠧ.

     In < 䠩> "㭪1" ... sorry, can't sheck
                indirect call
     ࠬ  ஢, ⮬  㭪1 ᢥ 뢠 -
 㭪.  㤠 ᤥ   ᯮ짮 㪠⥫  㭪樨
⠪,  :

   int (*fp)(),func();  /*  "fp" - 㪠⥫ 㭪樨 */
   fp=func;    /* ⥯ "fp" 㪠뢠  㭪 */
   (*fp)(1,2); /*  砩    ஢७ -  */
                /* ⨫⮩ FPC, .. 맮 ᢥ   */

     ਢ  ᮮ饭  訡  뢮 ⮫쪮  砥
㪠  "-i".


        㣨 ᮮ饭

     㣨 ᮮ饭  ᫥騩 ଠ:

        In < 䠩> "㭪1" calls "㭪2" ; ᮮ饭

⥫ "ᮮ饭"     ᫥:

1. conflicting return type
      砥,  ⨯  祭,  頥  㭪樥2,    ᮮ-
 ।. 饭     砥, ᫨ 짮-
⥫  । 㭪  饭  .

2. conflicting number of arguments
      맮 㭪樨 2 ᫮  ࠬ஢    ᮮ⢥  ।
⮩ 㭪樨.

3. n-th argument conflict
      맮 㭪樨 2 ⨯ n- ࠬ  ᮮ⢥  ।-
.

4. undefined
     뢠   । 㭪 2.




                ਫ G

        ਭ樯 ࠧ쭮 樨



      ࠧࠡ⪥  ணࠬ 室 ⥪ ࠧ    ᪮쪮
䠩. ᫥ ⮣,   ⤥쭮   㣠 ⪮஢,  -
 ᪮   ணࠬ.   ਫ ᠭ  ⮤  ࠧ-
쭮 樨  ⬥祭 ᭮ ,   ᫥ 
  ࠧࠡ⪥ 室 ⥪.


     G-1. 砭  室 ணࠬ

       쥧 ஡ ࠧ쭮 樨  ᡮન  
ணࠬ:
        - 뫪  㭪樨  㣨 䠩;
        -  祭  .
       ⪠ ᢥ饭  ᮢ   ࠫ    
ਬ.
     ᬮਬ ᫥ ணࠬ.

        #include <stdio.h>
        int  a[10];
        char b[4];

        VOID main()
        {
                VOID sub1(),sub2();
                sub1();
                sub2();
                printf("%d,%d,%d,",a[0],a[3],a[9];
                printf("%c,%c,%c,",b[0],b[1],b[2]
        }

        VOID sub1()
        {
                a[0]=1;
                a[3]=2;
                a[9]=3;
        }

        VOID sub2()
        {
                b[0]='a';
                b[1]='b';
                b[2]='c';
        }

       ணࠬ ࠧ饭   䠩   PROG1, PROG2 
PROG3: ᮮ⢥⢥  ᮤন  㭪  㭪樨 1    2.
筥,     䠩 ᮤঠ:

PROG1.C:
        #include <stdio.h>
        int a[10];
        char b[4];
        VOID main()
        {
                :
                :
        }
PROG2.C:
        #include <stdio.h>
        extern int a[10];
        VOID sub1()
        {
                :
                :
        }

PROG3.C:
        #include <stdio.h>
        extern char b[4];
        VOID sub2()
        {
                :
                :
        }

     㭪 main 뢠 㭪樨 sub1  sub2, ⮬  ।  -
室. .. 㭪樨 sub1  sub2  ᢮ ।  㣨 㭪樨 
뢠,  㣨 ᠭ  ॡ. ᯮ짮 ᨢ  "a"
 "b" ⠪  ஡.  䨪  ""  뫠  ணࠬ
main  sub1.  ᨢ "b" 뫠 㭪樨 main  sub2.      
ਠ⮢  䠩   ⠭ .
      ⮩ 楫 ᯮ ⥫ "extern".  ࢮ  䠩 -  
PROG1.C -  ⥫ ,    㣨 䠩  -
⥫ .  䠪 ࠦ  ⥫⢮,  ᨢ "a"   "b"
ᮤঠ  䠩 PROG1.C,   㣨 䠩   ᨢ  .  ᫨  
  襬 ᫥  䠩      ।    ⥫
"譨" ,   ᡮથ  ணࠬ  ᮮ饭   㡫஢-
  ᨢ.  㣮 ஭,   ⥫  "extern"  
 ।,   ஢  ।.
     ⥫쭮,  砥 ࣠樨    ᪮쪨 䠩
室  ।  ⥫ "譨" ⮫쪮     䠩-
  ⥪⮬ 室 ணࠬ.      㣨  䠩  㦭  ⠢
"extern".


     G-2. 楤 樨  ᡮન ணࠬ

      ᠭ  ⥪⮢ 䠩  室  ணࠬ  ᫥-
⥫쭮  樨  ।஢ 痢  ﬨ 룫廊
᫥騬 ࠧ:

CF PROG1
CF PROG2
CF PROG3
FPC LIB PROG1 PROG2 PROG3
CG PROG1
M80=PROG1.ASM
DEL PROG1.ASM
CG PROG2
M80=PROG2.ASM
DEL PROG2.ASM
CG PROG3
M80=PROG3.ASM
DEL PROG3.ASM
L80 CK,PROG1,PROG2,PROG3,CLIB/S,CRUN/S,CEND,PROG/N/E:XMAIN

      ⮬ 砥,    ணࠬ ( 䠩) 㦥 ⪮஢-
,    ॡ    ४஢        (ਬ,  䠩
PROG2.C), ᫥ 믮 ਢ  㯯 :

CF PROG2
FPC LIB PROG1 PROG2 PROG3
CG PROG2
M80=PROG2.ASM
DEL PROG2.ASM
L80 CK,PROG1,PROG2,PROG3,CLIB/S,CRUN/S,CEND,PROG/N/E:XMAIN

         ,   "-k"  㪠 -
 CG.  ᫮ 室 ࠭ ஬筮  ,  -
㥬  ஢ન ४⭮  㭪権  ࠬ஢.




                ਫ 

           ⥪



      ᠭ ⮤ ᮧ 筮 䠩   প.
     砫 ᠭ  ⥪   MSX-C.  ᫥  ⮣
 ⮤  ᮧ,  ⥬ -  ࠭.


     H-1.  ⥪ 

     ⥪ ⮨  䠩, ᠭ  ଠ ६頥  
(REL), ⠭⭮  ࠬ ணࠬ  த    "".  
ଠ  䠩  ஡   㪮⢥   ணࠬ-
-⥪ MSX-L80, ⮬  ଠ 䠩  㦤.
      ⥪ ࠧ   䠩.  䠩    CLIB.REL
 㦨  ࠭ 㭪権,  뢠  ணࠬ  몥  
⥬  饭  .    ᠭ  ᥬ, -
 設⢮ -  몥 .
     ன 䠩 - CRUN.REL - ᮤন  㭪樨,   ணࠬ 
 筮,   뢠  㭪樨 . ਬ,  몥   
  㬭:

        ࠦ1 * ࠦ2

      ⮬ ⭮, 㤥  믮 ᠭ  ⠪  -
  e  ⥬ 맮 ᮮ⢥饩 ணࠬ-㭪樨.
  蠥 ᠬ 樮 ⥬.   ⥪  
8080     㬭,  ⮬      믮  㤥  맢
ணࠬ.  CRUN.REL  ⠢  ணࠬ  믮  㬭-
, , ᤢ, ࠢ ( ࠢ )  㣨 -
.
      ᥣ   ᫥,  䠩 CLIB.REL   -
⭮ 室. ᫨ ணࠬ ᯥ稫  㭪樨    孥  
 ஢,  ᡮઠ    ந    筮  䠩
CLIB.  㣭 ஭, 䠩 CRUN.REL 室 㪠뢠 ᥣ   
砥 ணࠬ, ᮤঠ  .


     H-2.  ⥪

       ᯮᮡ ᮧ ⥪.    ᠭ  ᫥-
 ࠣ.    - ⮤ "" -     ᯮ-
,   ᮡࠥ 짮⥫᪨ ணࠬ  ਪ뢠  
⮬ ᫥ ⠪ 㭪樨,   易⥫쭮  ᯮ짮.
      ⫨稥  ࢮ ᯮᮡ "b" ॠ ᫮  ॡ 襣
६,  砥  ᮮ⢥⢨   짮⥫᪨ ணࠬ  -
 ᮤঠ  ᥡ ⮫쪮   㭪樨,      ਬ  
ணࠬ. ⠭ ⥪      ⥬  ᮧ
  ᯮᮡ "b".



     H-2.a. ⮩ ᯮᮡ ᮧ ⥪

     H-2.a.1.   ᯮᮡ   ⥪ ணࠬ, ᠭ
 ,  ந室騥  ⥪ .


     ᬮਬ ਬ  㭪権 power  log2.

   int power(x,e)
   int x,e;
{
        int y;
        for(y=1;e>0;e--)
                y*=x;
        return(y);
}
   int log2(x)
   int x;
{
        int y;
        for(y=0;x>1;X>>=1)
                y++;
        return(y);
}

     ᫨  㭪樨   ⥪    XLIB.C,  ᫥-
⥫쭮 ᮧ ⥪ 룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ.

   CF XLIB
   CG XLIB
   M80=XLIB.ASM
   DEL XLIB.ASM

      믮 ⮩ ᫥⥫쭮 㤥 ᮧ ⥪  -
 XLIB.REL.    ਢ      ணࠬ,  뢠饩
㭪樨  ⮩ ⥪.

   L80 CK,prog,XLIB,CLIB/S,CEND,prog/N/E:XMAIN

      ⮬ 砥  室   /S ᫥   ⥪
XLIB, ..  ᫨  , ⥬    㭪樨  ᪮-
  ணࠬ.
      ਢ  ਬ CK, CLIB  CEND  筮  
㦭묨,  CRUN ᮫⭮ 室 (.  ⮬   ਫ  G  
ࠧ쭮 樨).



     -2.a.2.  㤥 ᠭ ᯮᮡ 祭    ⥪  ணࠬ,
ᠭ  ᥬ.


      ⢥ ਬ஢  㭪樨 hex, ror  rol,  饭    䠩
ALIB.ASM.

        public hex@,ror@,rol@
        cseg
hex@:           ;convert 0 - f to ASCII '0' - 'F'
        ANI     0FH
        ADI     90H
        DAA
        ACI     40H
        DAA
        RET

ror@:           ;ror(c,n) n bit rotate right char
        INR     E
rorl:
        DCR     E
        RZ
        RRC
        JMP     rorl

rol@:           ;rol(c,n) n bit rotate left char
        INR     E
roll:
        DCR     E
        RZ
        RLC
        JMP     roll

     祭  㭪権  ⥪ ந ⥬ 믮 ᫥-
饩 :

   80=ALIB.ASM

       뢠 ।஢ 痢 ணࠬ,      
砥 -ணࠬ.

   L80 CK,prog,ALIB,CLIB/S,CRUN/S,CEND,prog/N/E:XMAIN

        ਢ  ਬ஢, ᠬ ⮩ ᯮᮡ  ନ-
 ⥪ - 祭     ணࠬ,      
ணࠬ.   ᯮᮡ  ᮢ襭, .. 뢠 祭 ᥩ
⥪.  ᫥饬 ࠣ 㤥 ᠭ ᯮᮡ ᮧ  ⥪,
 ஬ ணࠬ  ⮫쪮   㭪権,    ।-
 饭.



     -2.b.   ⥪


     । ⥬,   ᯮᮡ  ᮧ    ⥪,  ⪮
襬 室   ᮧ ।.
     ० ᥣ 室   ᪮ ࠩ  (  :,  ⠪  
:). ࠩ : 㦭 ⠢ ᢮.  ࠩ :  室  
᫥騥 䠩.

        ⨫:
* M80.COM
* L80.COM
* LIB80.COM

         -   -:
* CF.COM
* CG.COM
* FPC.COM
* MX.COM
* AREL.BAT
* CREL.BAT

        ࠭ । ⥪⮢:
* SCED.COM
* SCED.HLP



     H-2.b.1. 祭 -ணࠬ  ⥪


      㤥 ਢ     ਬ,      :  祭  䠩
XLIB.C, ᮤঠ饣 ⥪ 㭪権 power  log2,  ⥪.
     砫 㦭 ᮧ  䠩   ࠭ ।   ࠩ-
 :.  室 믮 ᫥騥 :

   CF XLIB
   MX  -LOB XLIB >TEMP.BAT
   TEMP

      믮 ࢮ     䠩    室  -ணࠬ
XLIB.C ८ࠧ  ஬  XLIB.TCO,  ⥬   
MX ந室  ࠧ   䠩: POWER.TCO  LOG2.TCO,   
ᮧ   ࠩ :.
      믮 ᫥⥫쭮     ந室  ᫥-
饥.
     1.  ࠭᫨   ,          ७
".SM".
     2. ஢ ᥬ஢   ७ ".REL".
     3. ⥬ ⨢樨 ⥪ LIB  䠩  ७ ".REL"
뢠  ⥪.
     ᫥ 襭 ⭮ ࠡ⪨ 㪠   ᫥⥫쭮
 ࠩ஬  ᮧ  䠩  X.LIB,    ᫥  ⮣    䠩
POWER.REL  LOG2.REL.   㭨⮦ 㦭 믮 

        DEL  B:*.REL

     ᫨ ᫥  ⨬ ᯮ

        REN   B:XLIB.LIB XLIB.REL       ,

     ᮧ  䠩. ( REN 室  易⥫-
   㭨⮦ 䠩 ".REL",  ⮡  砩    㭨⮦
⠪  䠩 XLIB.REL).
     ਬ ⥪ XLIB.REL । ᫥饩 :

        L80 CK,prog,XLIB/S,CLIB/X,CEND,prog/N/E:XMAIN

     ᫥  ⥪ XLIB 㦥  /S    㪠  騪
  ணࠬ ⮫쪮 室  㭪樨.
      짮 ।஬ 痢 L80  祭 冷  ᯮ-
 㭪権.  ਢ  ਬ:    ࠢ,  㣮
ࠢ.

     ࠢ ਬ:

char islower(c) char c;
{    return('a'<=c && c<='z');  }
char toupper(c) char c;
{    return(islower(c) ? c - 'a' - 'A' : c); }

       ਬ  ⥪ 砥 䠩 X.C, 騩    
㭪権.  ⮬ 砥 㭪 islower  ᯮ    䠩  X.REL  ।
㭪樥 toupper. ⮬  ।஢ 痢   /S 騪
 뤠 ⨪  訡 ⨯ ⢨ ।.
      ⢨⥫쭮 ⨫ MX 頥   䠩 ".REL"  -
⥫쭮, ⭮  ⭮襭  室  ணࠬ.???  ⮬
 ᠭ ⥪ 㭪樨 islower । ⥪⮬  㭪樨  toupper  㤥
ᮧ   䠩.  ᫨    砫  ⥪  㭪樨
toupper,  ᫥騩 ࠢ ਬ:

   char   toupper(c)  char c;
   {
                char islower();
                return(islower(c) ? c - 'a' + 'A' : c);
   }
   char islower(c) char c;
   {    return('d' <= c && c <= 'z');   }

      १ ᯮ 㫥  筮  䠩  㤥  -
.  ⮣ ᪠,  १஢,    ࠢ쭮
浪 ᯮ 㫥  ⥪ 㦭  室 ணࠬ -
  뢠 㭪,  ᫥  - 뢠.



     -2.b.2.  ⥪ 㫥  ᥬ


      ᠭ 祭  ⥪ ணࠬ, ᠭ  ᥬ-
.  ࠢ  ᠭ 祭  ⥪, ஥  뫮    
.-2.a.2, 室 ⥪ ணࠬ    ᫥騬 ࠧ.

                MODULE HEX
                public hex@
hex@:
                ANI     OFH
                ADI     90H
                DAA
                ACI     40H
                DAA
                RET
                ENDMODULE

                MODULE ROR
                public ror@
ror@:
                INR     E
rorl:
                DCR     E
                RZ
                RRC
                JMP     rorl
                ENDMODULE

                MODULE ROL
                public rol@
rol@:
                INR     E
roll:
                DCR     E
                RZ
                RLC
                JMP     roll
                ENDMODULE

     祭  㫥  ⥪ ந ⠪ ࠧ:

        MX  -LOB ALIB>TEMP.BAT
        TEMP

      믮 ணࠬ MX 䠩 ALIB.ASM ࠧ  ᫥騥 
䠩: HEX.ASM, ROR.ASM, ROL.ASM. ᫥ ⮣,      㤥  -
ᥬ஢  饭  䠩  ७ ".REL", 뢠  ⥪
LIB,  믮 楯 䠩.
     ᫥ 襭  ⭮ ࠡ⪨  室  䠩  ALIB.LIB
뢠  ன⢮ . ⥬ ᫥ 㭨⮦  ஭  䠩-
 ".REL"  २ 䠩  ALIB.REL, ᯮ  ⮣ 
RENAME.
      ᯮ짮 騪 L80 筮 ⠪  ࠧ,     
ᡮન -ணࠬ  㫥,  ᮡ ᫥⥫쭮 -
 室 ⥪,  : 뢠  㭪      ᠭ
०,  뢠  - ᫥  .



     -2..  ⠭⭮ ⥪


     ᭮ ᠭ ⥪,  ᮧ, 㤥 祭  -
⥬   䠩 CLIB.REL  CRUN.REL.  饣 ਬ  ⮩  -
⥪ 筮,  ⮬  室 ᮧ  -
⥪.
      ࣠樨 ⠭⭮ ⥪ 室    ᯮ짮-
訩 .   ஢     ࠩ஬.    ᮧ
⥪ ॡ   設 ६. ⮬ 室  ᮧ-
 ⥪ ࠣ⬨   ஢ ⥩.

     ᮧ ⥪ ⮨  ᫥ ⠯.

1. ଠ஢  ᪠.
2. ஢E ᫥ 䠩  ⠫ ⥬ ᪠

        COMMAND.COM     STDIO.H         GENLIB.BAT
        MSXDOS.SYS      BDOSFUNC.H      GENLIB02.BAT
        M80.COM         CRUN.ASM        GENLIB03.BAT
        CG.COM          LIB0.ASM        GENLIB04.BAT
        CF.COM          LIB1.C          GENLIB05.BAT
        MX.COM          LIB2.C          GENLIB06.BAT
        LIB80.COM       LIB3.C


     3. 뢮 祭 ⥪     ࠩ      
᫥饩 :

        GENLIB A

     4. ᫥ ⮣  䠩 ⮬᪨ ᮧ ⥪   뢮-
 ।     ⥩ ᫥ ᮮ饭:

        === [GENLIB] ===
        === [RUN02 ] ===
        === [RUN03 ] ===
        === [RUN04 ] ===
        === [RUN05 ] ===
        === [RUN06 ] ===

      砥 ਮ⠭ ᠪ 樨  த   -
  窨 ਮ⠭. ,  த   窨 RUN04  -
室  ᫥ :

        RUN04 A

     5.  砥 ଠ쭮 襭   ᯫ   ந-
஢ ᫥騥 ᮮ饭:
        ...
        ...
        A>DEL RUN06.BAT
        A>
       ᫥  ந २ 䠩  -
७ﬨ ".LIB"  䠩 ".REL".

   REN CLIB.LIB CLID.REL
   REN CRUN.LIB CRUN.REL

     E᫨  ७ ⥪ ᪮ ࠭⢠  墠⠥, -
 ᯮ짮 뢮 १  ࠩ.  ⮣ ᫥ ⠭
  ன⢮     ⠭  . ᫥ ⮣ 㦭 -
 ᫥ :

        A>GENLIB B

      ⮬ ஬ 䠩  祭 ⥪   ࣠-
  ன⢥ .



     -2.d.  䠩   ⨫ FPC


       ᠭ ᯮᮡ ᮧ ⥪.     ᫥-
⥫쭮 ⢨, 室  ᮧ 䠩, ᯮ㥬   -
ન ࠬ஢   ⨫ FPC.
     1.  䠩 . ⥬ 樨஢ 蠣 樨 CF 室
⥪.
     2.  稨 ⥪  ᥬ, 䠩 ன ।⠢  
ଠ 㭪権  饭  , ਭ  몥 ,  ८ࠧ 
䠩 .   CF.
     3.    "-" ⨫ FPC ந 樨 ᦠ  
䠩 "."   楯.
       ⢥  ਬ  ஢ਬ  ࠬ  ࠭  ᮧ  XLIB.C  
ALIB.ASM. 砫   

   CF XLIB

     ᮧ 䠩 XLIB.TCO, ᫥ 祣 ࠬ  ALIB.ASM  ࠦ  
ᯮ짮 -ணࠬ.  ⢥ ALIB.C  ᯮ짮  ᫥
ணࠬ:

        char hex8c9
        char c;
        {}
        char ror(c,n)
        char c;
        int n;
        {}
        char rol(c,n)
        char c;
        int n;
        {}

 ணࠬ ८ࠧ  䠩 ALIB.TCO   

        A>CF ALIB

᫨ ⥯ 

        FPC -C LIB XLIB ALIB

     㤥 襭 ᮧ 䠩 LIB.TCO, ᮤঠ饣 १ ஢-
 ࠬ஢ ⨫⮩ FPC.
      ਢ  ᮧ 䠩   १⠬  ஢ન  ⠭-
⭮ ⥪.

        CF LIB0
        CF LIB1
        CF LIB2
        CF LIB3
        FPC -C LIB -D BDOS,BDOSH,BIOS,BIOSH LIB?

       饭  ணࠬ FPC 㪠  "-D",   ।뢠
 ᮮ饭    ,  ந 맮 㭪権 
४묨 ࠬࠬ ( ⭮ ⮫쪮  㭪,  -
 箬).
     㭪 "bdos"   㭪樮쭮 , ਭ⮣    ⥬.
 ⮬   ᮮ⢥⢨  ⨯ ࠬ஢. ਬ,  -
ண ࠬ        ⨯  楫,  ᨬ-
쭮. ᫨   "-D" ⢮,  室    ᮮ饭
 ᮮ⢥⢨ ⨯  ᫠ ࠬ஢. ᫨  ᮧ  ஢筮
䠩 ᫮  ⨯ ࠬ஢ 뫨 ᯥ஢   "-D", ⠪  -
饭  㤥 뢥.



        -3. ঠ ⥪


      । ࠧ 뫨 ᠭ ᯮᮡ ᮧ ⥪. 
।⠢   ⮤  祭    ⠢  ⥪  
㭪権.  ⮤ 室  ⮣, ⮡ 直 ࠧ    ६
 ८࣠ ᥩ ⥪.
      㤥 ᠭ ᯮᮡ  祭    ⠢  ⥪  
㭪権.
     쬥  ⢥ ਬ     砩  XLIB.C,      㦥
ᬮ७  ।饬 ࠣ. 室    䠩,  -
஬ 㦥 室  㭪樨,   㭪 power.  ⮬ 砥  㦭
믮 ᫥ 楯 .

        CF XLIB
        MX -OB XLIB power >TEMP.BAT
        TEMP
        LIB80
        *B:LIB=B:XLIB<..POWER-1>,B:POWER,B:XLIB<POWER+1..>
        */E

      믮 ணࠬ MX ࠭ ᥣ ᯮ짮  "-L",   
 ਬ   饭.  ⠪  LIB80  뢠,  -
ࠡ⪠ 蠥 ᮧ 䠩 ".REL"  ६頥 ꥪ  .
 ⮩   ப ᫥ XLIB 㪠  power,    ணࠬ
MX ᭮   䠩 ⮫쪮  㭪,  ᬠਢ ⠫.

      LIB80   樨   ண  䠩  XLIB.REL
 㣨 㭪権, ஬ 㭪樨 power,  祭     䠩
POWER.REL.    ,   ⮬ 砥 冷  ᯮ
㫥  ⥪  .
     ᬮਬ 砩 祭  ⥪ 㭪樨  몥  ᥬ.
࠭稬 ᬮ७ ⮣  ਬ 祭 㭪樨 ror  -
 ALIB.REL.  믮   ᫥ :

        MX -OB ALIB ror >TEMP.BAT
        TEMP
        LIB80
        *B:ALIB=B:ALIB<..ROR-1>,B:ROR,B:ALIB<ROR+1..>
        */E



        -4. ਬ ⨫ MX


      ⮣ ࠢ 짮 ⨫⮩ MX    ࠣ  
  㣨 ᮢ.   ࠢ  ஡ -
.
      饬  ଠ  맮 ⨫ MX 룫廊 ᫥騬 -
.

MX []  䠩 [ 1  2 ...  n]

      ⮫쪮 ࠢ । ⮩ ⨫,  ࠧ  ஢,
  䠩  㪠   ७ ".ASM". ᫨   䠩
, ணࠬ MX 稭  ࠡ, ᬠਢ    䠩  
室 ⥪  ᥬ. ᫨ ⠪ 䠩 ,  ஢  稥
䠩  ७ ".",  ᫨  , ணࠬ MX  -  稭
ࠡ ⮣ 䠩, ᬠਢ  ᮤন  -ணࠬ   -
筮 .
     ᭮ 祩 ⨫ MX  롮ઠ  㪠 䠩 -
  㪠묨   ࠧ饭   ᯥ樠  䠩    ,
騬 ७ ".ASM"  ".TCO". 䨪   䠩  ᮢ-
   ᮮ⢥ 㫥,   ᫥    ࠬ
 맮 MX.
        㫥    ᯨ᪠  ࠬ஢.    ⮬
砥  㫨, 室騥  㪠 䠩 ᬠਢ   㪠
 .  ⮬  ਬ ⠪ ᯥ樠 : ⥫
 , ਬ:

a?b  - ᬠਢ 㫨: aab, axb, alb  㣨;
a*   -   ,  稭  "a";
*s   -   , 稢騥  "s";
b*s  - 㪠   砫  "b"   砭  "s";
*put*- ᬠਢ  䨪 ,  ⠢ -
         楯窠 ᨬ "put".

     ⠭ 室 ணࠬ-⨫ MX    ᫥⥫쭮
᪮஢, ᥬ஢  ᪮ 㫥. ⥫쭮,
᫨  

        MX 䠩 >MAKELIB.BAT            ,

       ᮮ⢥⢨  ⮩  㤥 ᮧ 䠩 ⭮ ࠡ⪨
  MAKELIB.BAT.

     ᬠਢ ⨫  ᫥騥 :
-l
         ⮬  ந 饭  ணࠬ LIB
         뢮  ⠭⭮ ன⢮ ᫥⥫쭮-
         ᮧ  䠩. ᫨   
        㪠, ࠡ⪠ 蠥 ᮧ REL-䠩.
-ox
            㫨  ࠩ஬
          "". ᫨   㪠, ᯮ ࠩ-
          ⥪騬 .




                ਫ I

        ࠡ⪠ ணࠬ, ࠭  



       ਫ ਢ ᠭ ᯮᮡ  ࠧࠡ⪨  ணࠬ,
।祭  ࠭    祭  ணࠬ (-ணࠬ)
 ﭭ   ࠢ 樮 ⥬ MSX-DOS.
     砫  ᠭ 騥 ࠢ,  ⥬ ਢ ਬ   -
樨.



        I-1. 騥 ࠢ ᮧ -ணࠬ

     I-1.A.  ਬ ⥪ 㭪権


      ࢠ ஡,     ࠧࠡ⪨  -ண-
ࠬ, - ஡ ⠭  ()  ⥪ (CLIB).   ਬ
ணࠬ, ᮤঠ  㪠   ⥬  MSX-DOS,  
ࠧࠡ뢠 -ணࠬ, ..  ন   㭪権 -
 樮 ⥬. , ⥪  CLIB  ᮤন    ᥡ  㭪樨
trcpy, toupper  㣨,   室  ᠬ ⥬.   ਬ-
 ⠪ 㭪権  ࠬ -ணࠬ,   ᫨  ।  ᥣ
 ⥪ CLIB,  ᭮ 믮  㭪権, -
 ᯮ BDOS. ???⥫쭮,  砥,    ॡ-
  ਬ  㭪権 (strcpy  toupper) 室   
ணࠬ  ஢ 室 ⥪   ᮧ ᯥ樠  ⥪
 ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  㭪権 ,  㦭  ᮧ  -ண-
ࠬ    ⮩ 楫   ࠭  CLIB.REL   -
⥪ LIB.  ᯮ짮     ᯮᮡ  롮.
      ࠬ  ।⠢  짮  䠩 STDIO.H
 ⮬ ,      ⥬.   㦭   -
 ࠣ  ᮧ   ᭮ ᯥ樠 䠩 ".".


     I-1.B. 㫨 砫쭮 ⠭


      ஡ ⮨   樨஢   -
⪨.  砥 ண ணࠬ  ࠢ ⥬ MSX-DOS 樠-
 ஢   CK.REL.  ।饣  ᭮,  -
   ᯮ짮  ⠢ -ணࠬ. 祬  砥 -
    ᯮ짮    ⠢    
筮 ⠪  㫨.
     筮 砫쭠 ⠭ 믮   ᫥饩  ᥬ-
 ணࠬ:

        EXTRN main@
        LXI   SP,  ⥪
        (믮  権,  㦭  砫쭮
        ⠭ )
        JMP   main@
        END

      ࠧ, ᫥ ⠭ 㪠⥫ ⥪  믮   -
権  砫쭮 ⠭  ࠢ    易⥫쭮
। -㭪樨   main. (  ⮩ 稭,  窠 室   -
 -ணࠬ  뢠 main, 㣮       .
  ⥬     foo, ⠪  zot). *)  ⮬ 砥  -
। ࠢ 㭪樨 main ࠬ  ।.  ⮬    筮
樮 । MSX-DOS  ணࠬ  ᫥騬 ࠧ.


        VOID main()
        {
                :
                :
        }

      ࠬ ᠭ  ᯮᮡ ࠧࠡ⪨  ணࠬ  ,  ࠭  
, ᫥ ᫥ ᠭ ᠬ ணࠬ ,  ᥬ஢   ࠧ-
饭  䠩 ". REL"    ᠬ 砫 ⥪.  .I-2  
ਬ ਬ  ࠢ.


___________________________
*)
      ਣ ⨢稥 - -, ࠣ  ᪮ ᫥ -
   ᯥ஢   室      ,  
⠭⭮   짮⥫. (ਬ..).



     I-1.C. -뢮


      ᠭ ணࠬ, ࠭  ,  ᠬ  㤭  -  -  
-뢮. -뢮    ᥬ,  ᮮ⢥騥
   몥 . ⮬ 室  ⠪ 樨 -
뢠 १ 饭  㭪.
     ⠭⭠ ⥪  MSX-C ᮤন 㭪樨 inp   outp.
 㭪樨 祭   ਬ,   맮   ⮩,  ⠪  
㣮   㭪権     -뢮,    
 ࣠ 筮 䥪⨢ ࠡ.
      㣮 ⮤ -뢮,   ⮨    ࣠樨
   饭    㭪権 ,  ॠ --
. ਬ,

        public indat@, inctl@, outdat, outctl
indat@:
        IN      OOH
        RET
inctl@:
        IN      O1H
        RET
outdat:
        OUT     00H
        RET
outctl:
        OUT     01H
        RET

       㭪樨 ᠭ  ᥬ    ᯮ,  ਬ,
᫥饩 -ணࠬ:

char indat(),inctl();
VOID outdat(),outctl();
VOID init()
{
        outctl((char)0x01);
        outctl((char)0x01);
        outctl((char)0x40);
        outctl((char)0xCE);
        outctl((char)0x37);
}
char getch()
{
        while((inctl()&0x02)==0)
                        ;
        return (indat());
}
VOID putch(c)
char c;
{
        while((inctl()&0x01)==0)
                        ;
        outdat(c);
}

     (ਢ ணࠬ 믮 砫 ⠭ ⠭ 8251  
樨        㭪樨  getch    뢮      㭪樨
putch).ᯮ ⮩ ணࠬ  ࠢ   IN/OUT ᥬ
ॡ  ᮢ  ᯮ  CALL/RET.   㭪樨
getch  putc 믮 ॥, 祬 inp  outp .



     I-1.D. 뫪  ᮫  


      -뢮   ᭮ ࠭⢠.   뢠  砨,
 室 ᮯ⠢     .      
樨 -뢮   , 祬   믮  䨪-
஢ ᭮ ࠭⢥, ९  -뢮.
     ਬ,  ணࠬ,  뫠 ਢ , ᫨  00H -
砥  0FF00H,   01H ᮮ⢥    0FF01H,
   ᫥騬 ࠧ.

#define dataport (*(char *)0xFF00)
#define ctrlport (*(char *)0xFF01)
char getch()
{
        while((ctrlport&0x02)==0)
                        ;
        return (dataport);
}
VOID putch(c)
char c;
{
        while((ctrlport&0x01)==0)
                        ;
        dataport=c;
}
VOID init()
{
        ctrlport=0x01;
        ctrlport=0x01;
        ctrlport=0x40;
        ctrlport=0xCE;
        ctrlport=0x37;
}




     I-1.E. ࠡ⪠ 뢠


      ।  MSX-C  ࠡ⪠ 뢠.  -
⨢ ⥫ ⮪ ࠡ⪨ 뢠  ,  ⮣
  ਬ   㣨  몮  .  ⥫쭮,
   , ᮣ᭮ ஬    뢠-
 ࠭  ॣ, ᪨ 㣨 뢠, ⠭-
 ॣ ᫥ ࠡ⪨ 뢠  ..        
ணࠬ஢  ᥬ.
     ਢ ਬ ணࠬ,   ன ஢ ࠡ⪠ -
뢠, ᥪ㭤 㯠  ⠩,      
⥪饣 ६. 祭 ६  ⮡ࠦ      㭪権  ⨯
TINY,  : hour, minute, second.  ந 直 ࠧ,  
 RST7 ???  뢠.
       ᥬ:


        PUBLIC S@,INIT@,RESET@,DI@,EI@
S@:     DB      0               ; ᥬ
INTENT: PUSH    PSW             ; ᨣ 뢠
        LDA     S@
        INR     A
        STA     S@
        POP     PSW
        DB      JMP
JMP1:   DW      0
INIT@:  LHLD    39H           ; 樠  뢠
        SHLD    JMP1
        LXI     H,INTENT
        SHLD    39H
        RET
RESET@: LHLD    JMP1           ;   뢠
        SHLD    39H
        RET
DI@:    DI                      ;  ᪮ ⪠
        RET
EI@:    EI
        RET
        END

       :

#include <stdio.h>
#define TINY char;
extern char s;    /*  ᥬ  */
TINY tick,minute,second;
main()
{
        tick=minute=second=0;
        init();
        while(minute<10)
        {
                if (s)
                {
                        /*   ᪨ ⮪  */
                        di(); s--; ei();
                        if (++tick==60)
                        {
                                tick=0;
                                if (++second==60)
                                {
                                        second=0; minute++;
                                }
                                printf(".n%02d.'%02d."",
                                (int)minute,(int)second)
                        }
                }
        }
        reset();
}


      室 ࠡ⪨  -ணࠬ ⮢ 䨪樨  
稭 뢠  ᯮ짮 堭 맮  㭪権,  ᠭ
 ᥬ:


        public di@,ei@
di@:
        DI
        RET
ei@:
        EI
        RET

       ᪮쪮 ᫮  뢠. 뢠 砨,   ࠡ⪥
뢠 室    맮  㭪樨  筮  ࠡ⪨.  
㭪樨 室  ४ᨢ묨.    ⠪  㭪権  室
 ४ᨢ묨   ⢨  맮  ४ᨢ.



     I-1.F. ᯮ짮 ⠡ ⠭


     樠㥬 ६, ⭮騥   ᠬ    static  
extern, ࠧ   ᥣ (CSEG).  ᪥ ணࠬ  -
  ந쭮 롮મ  । ⥬ MSX-DOS 祭 ⠪  ६-
  .  砥,  ⠪ ணࠬ ࠡ  ﭭ
 , 㪠 ६    , ..   饭  
 ᥣ.  १  ஥   ⠪ -
६묨  ⠭⠬.   䠪 ᫥  ᮡ .
      砫쭮 樠樨 ணࠬ, ࠭   ﭭ  ,
믮  ⠡ ⠭.  ⮬  樠樨 -
  ந室. 樠 ६ ᫥ 믮 ⥬  -
 ᢠ. ஬ ⮣,  ࠧ饭   ᥣ ᨬ쭮
᫥⥫쭮, 饩  砫쭮 樠樨  -
 "᪠",  祭         -
ﭭ .  ⢥ ਬ ॠ樨 ᠭ ࠢ   㪠
⠡ 'comtbl'  䠩 ROM1.C  ⠭⭮ ᪥.



     I-1.G. ⢥⢨  ࠬ 8085  Z80


     ꥪ , 㥬 ᬠਢ ஬,  믮-
   8085  "⥫"  ᮢ⨬   .
        ⠪ ꥪ  ᮪  ஢  
 Z80  "".  ᯮ짮 ⥪ LIBZ  -
 ᮪ த⢨  ᯮ 㭪権 -뢮  ।
 ( 㭪樨 ᫥  ਢ  ⠡).    砥  -
짮 ⮩ ⥪  ᠬ 砫 室 ணࠬ  ᫥  -


#include "libz.h"

 ।஢ 痢 室  LIBZ.REL.
____________________________________________________________
 㭪樨      㭪樨       ⭮⥫쭠 ᪮
                ᯮ  Z80    (  ᪮
                                      ᯮ  8085)
------------------------------------------------------------
  movmem           mvmemz                  2.6
  setmem           stmemz                  2.0
  inp              inpz                    3.2
  outp             outpz                   3.5
____________________________________________________________




     I-2. ਬ ᮧ -ணࠬ


       ணࠬ  MSX-C 祭   䠩  :  ROM0.ASM  
ROM1.C.  ᮤঠ ਬ ணࠬ, ࠭   ﭭ  .  
ਬ    ࠢ 樮 ⥬.
     砫 㦭 ᥬ஢ ROM0.ASM,   ,  ⮬ ᮧ-
 䠩 ".REL".

   M80 =ROM0.ASM

      ᫥ 樨 䠩 ROM1.C ᫥ ᮧ 䠩  ".REL".  
樨 믮   ᫥  :

        CF      ROM1
        FPC     -U   ROM1
        CG      ROM1
        (ᥬ஢ 䠩 ROM1.ASM)
        DEL     ROM1.ASM

      ᠬ  ⮣  ந ।஢ 痢:

        l80 /P:0,/D:RAM( 砫   ந쭮
        롮મ),ROM0,ROM1,CRUN/S,ROM/N/E

     ᫥ ⮣  ⥬ ᮮ饭:

        rigin below loader memory, move anyway(Y or N)?N

        ᫥   砥 ⢥ "N".
         ।஢ 痢  㤥  ࠧ  䠩
ROM.COM.  䠩 㦭   ﭭ .
       ⮫쪮  㤥  樨஢  ணࠬ,    ࠭  㤥  뤠
᪠ ">". ᫨ ᫥  

        >DO,FF  return          ,

     㤥 뤠     㫥   FF. ᫨ 

        >Sxxxx return           ,

     㤥 ஢ ᮤন 祩   ᠭ   ᮤন-
  㪠 .
       ணࠬ 砥  ⮫쪮  D  S,   㣨 -
,  ⥬,  ᮤঠ  ணࠬ DDT. ᫨  ᬠਢ-
 ணࠬ ᮢ襭⢮,    ਮ  㭪樨  㪠-
 ணࠬ DDT. 樥       ᠭ
 ਬ.





                ਫ J

        짮⥫᪠  



     뢠 砨 ४饭 ࠡ  MSX-C  뤠祩  -
⨪:

        sorry, too small memory  ( 墠⠥ )

      ᮮ饭     ,     
墠⠥ ,   ᢮ ।      १⮬  ᯮ짮
讣 ᫠ ࠩ஢  ᪮   ⮣ ᫠   
஭.
        室 㬥 ᫮ ࠩ஢  ᫥ ⮣,  
짮⥫᪠   㤥 ⠪ ࠧ ७, - ४-
஢ ணࠬ. ᫨  ⥬ ⢮  ࠩ, 㦭 㬥-
  ᫮  . ᫨      䥩  ᫨
  䥩 祭  室 ப, ᫥ -
⨥  CTRL  "" ⬥ 㭪 樨  ࠩ஢.
      ࠭ ᭮ ࠭⢠     ᯮ짮-
 ᪠  ᨪ ( ⥬ MSX-DOS) 室  ।    
FC4AH  FC4BH-1.   ࠭⢮, ஥ ⢮   ண  ਪ-
 ணࠬ. ᨬ ࠧ ࠡ祩  砥  ᯮ-
 ᪮  䨣樨 "  -",  ..    ஭  
 ⭮ (2DD - double-sided, double-density).  ⮬ 砥 ࠡ-
  ᨬ쭠   樨  ࠩ஢  䨧᪮ -
稨  ࠩ.  ⮬ 砥  । ࠡ祩   ᪮
⠭   祭 DE70H.  ⮩ 稭, ᫨   ࠧ-
⪥ ਪ ணࠬ ᯮ ᪨, ᫥ ᯮ ணࠬ
  DE3FH.  ᫮ 室 ਤন -
 ࠧ ࠡ祩 .   ᨫ     ⥬
䨣樨     - 㢥祭 ᪮ ࠡ祩 , ਪ-
 ணࠬ  ஢  ⨬ ᨬ쭮  (-
ઠ HIMEM).
     묨 ᫮, ⥫쭮 믮 ᫥ 権:
     1.  ࠡ祩   ६頥 ଠ.
     2. ᯮ짮 ᮢ ࠡ祩 , 稭  ᠬ .
     3. 뢮 ᮮ饭  ୮ 㢥祭 ᫠ ࠩ஢ ᫥ ந-
  㬥襭.
     4. ਮ⠭  ᫥ 樨 ᮮ饭   -
 ணࠬ   䨣樨 ⥬ ।.


