



















              8085 Macro Assembler  -  Version 4.01a
     Copyright (C) 1985 by 2500 A.D. Software, Inc.  2500 A.D.


	        ᥬ ய 8085





















	        -7  ..᭨
			  ., 1991 .



                         


	    ࠧ  ਢ    -ᥬ 8085
 "2500 AD".  祭  㪮⢠   ᠭ
ࠡ  ᥬ.   ।,    짮⥫     
ࠡ⮩ ய 8085  ஬  .

	㬥   ⠭        짮⥫,    ᯮ饣
樮 ⥬ MS-DOS.

        ᥬ 8085  "2500 AD"  짮⥫ 
ணࠬ,      ᫥⢨      ᥬ஢   
।塞  ꥪ      易  室 ᮬ
믮   । 痢  "2500 AD".

        ᥬ 㤥 ࠡ뢠 䠩  ࠧ  ᫮
  筮  ꥬ  .     ,   ᯮ㥬
ᥬ஬, 訢       室, 
᪫祭    室  ,   뢮 ꥪ⭮
   ᯥ⪨.

          ᫮  ᥬ஢    짮⥫
ࠢ ᥬ  ࠡ ࠧ ࠧ 室 䠩
 ᨬ  १ 権 ६ ᥬ஢.

	᫮            248 ஢ 
ᥬ     ணࠬ  㦨   訡   
஢   ᫮   ࠡ⪨       ⮫쪮   ⥬    ஢ન
ᡠ஢  ᫮  ஢,    ⠪  ⥬ ⮡ࠦ
⥪饣 ஢ 饣  ᫮     ꥪ⭮
 ᯥ⪨.

          ࠦ  ᪠  ᯮ짮    16 ࠭,
᫥ ࠦ   ᯮ짮 80-⮢ 䬥⨪.
ࠨ᪠    ࠡ⪨       
ᯮ짮 ᪮.

         ࠧ ࠢ ᯥ⪮ 뢠 ᯥ⪠ 
ࠧ ணࠬ   㤮묨  ।⢠ ९뢠  䠩 
㦥  訡  ᥬ      ६ ண
ᥬ஢,     ᯮ짮   ᪮
 ० ᯥ⪨.

          痢    "2500  AD"   뢠
䠩  ᮡ,    ᯮ짮    譨 뫮.
      ᯮ짮  ᥬ,    ,   ᯮ㥬
।஬ 裡, 訢   室.

	 痢  뤠 ᪮쪮 ࠧ ଠ⮢.
ଠ      짮 ४⨢ ᥬ
 롮 ॡ㥬   ਠ⮢ । 痢.

	ணࠬ    㪠뢠    256   ࠧ,
। 짢⥫,   । 痢   ࠡ뢠 
256   ࠧ.

			1.   ணࠬ.

	 ⮣ ⮡ ண ᥬ ⯥⠩ :

			       8085

        ᥬ 㤥 ⢥ ᫥騬:

        Listing Destination (N, T, P, D, E, L, <CR = N> ):

	 N - ࠡ⪠  ⨭,
	    T - 뢮 ⨭  ନ,
	    P - 뢮 ⨭  ਭ,
	    D -  ,
	    E - 祭  ⨭ ⮫쪮 ப  訡
	    L = 祭/몫祭 ᯥ⪨

        ᫥  ⮣   ᥬ  뤠   ᪠      
⭮襭  䠩 室    .

                       Input Filename:

               襣  室 䠩,    
㪠  ७     ᥬ 㤥  ᪨  ७
"ASM".  ᫥ ⮣   㪠  䠩  襣   ᥬ
㤥 뤠 ᪠   ⭮襭  䠩 뢮.

                       Output Filename:

        ᫨ 짮⥫ ⢥砥  ᪠  䠩    
    ⪨,   䠩 뢮 㤥  ਭ  ⮦
ᠬ  䠩,        䠩   ७ "OBJ".

        ᫨  ᯥ⪠       믮      ࠢ
४⨢  ᥬ  LIST  ON/OFF,    ⥫쭠   ᪠
뢮  ࠭,   .

        LIST ON/OFF Listing Destination (T, P, D, <CR> = T):

        ॢ ⥦  ᠬ,    ,   뫨  ਢ
.

        ࠢ  ᯮ짮 ४⨢ LIST ON/OFF  
짮⥫ ᯥ뢠 ⮫쪮  ࠭  室  䠩.
  祭    ஡  ଠ樨  .  ࠧ ࠢ
ᯥ⪮ .

        ᫨ 롨ࠥ  ERROR  ONLY,   ᥬ  㤥  뤠
᪠  짮⥫    ⭮襭    祭   ᫥騬
ࠧ:

     	Error Only Listing Destination ( T, P, D, <CR> = T):

        ᫨ ᯥ⪠ 뫠 ᫠  ਭ (騩 ⮫쪮  
⥬      짮⥫)     ,  ᥬ 㤥
뤠 ᪠  ⭮襭 ᯥ⪨ ४ 뫮.

		    1.1.   ப

         ᥬ   ⠪ 맢    ᯮ짮
०  ப.   ⮬ 砥  䠩   㪠뢠
, ⥬ 㪠뢠  䠩 뢮  ᫥ ⮣  ᯥ⪠
ਠ⮢.     䠩 뢮, ⠪   ⮭祭 ᯥ⪨
  易⥫묨.     ଠ    易⥫묨
ﬨ, 묨  ᪮, 룫 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

8085 [-q] input_ filename [output_filename] [-t, -p, -d, -px, -dx]

	易⥫ ਠ -q 砥 ० QUIET.  ᫨ 
ਠ 롨ࠥ,  ⢥묨 ᮮ饭ﬨ ࠭, 뤠묨
 ᥬ,  ᮮ饭   訡   ⮩ ப,  
ன      .     ਠ   ᯮ
।    䠩  .     ਢ     ਬ
⢨⥫  ப.

         쪮  䠩 :

         8085 input filename

           ਢ   ⮬, ᥬ  ࠡ뢠
室  䠩  `input  filename`.   ᫨    뫮 㪠 
७,   ਭ ७  ".ASM".   ᪮   뫮
㪠    ਠ⮢,   㬮砭  㤥 ᯥ⪠
⮫쪮 訡,  祬 ନ  㤥 ࠭    祭.
 䠩 뢮 㤥 ⥬  ᠬ,    䠩 ,  㤥
 ७ ".OBJ".

          䠩    䠩 뢮:

         8085 input_filename   output_filename

            筠 ।饩   ᪫祭  ⮣,
    ᥬ    㤥    ਢ        ꥪ⭮    䠩
`output_filename`.

         ᯥ⪠  ନ:

         8085 input_filename   output_filename   -t

                㤥   ᥬ஢    䠩    
`input_filename`    뫠  ᯥ    ନ.    
易⥫쭮    䠩  뢮  ਢ  ⮬, ᥬ
 ꥪ 䠩   `input_filename`.

         ᯥ⪠  ਭ:

         8085 input_filename   -p

                㤥   ᥬ஢    䠩    
`input_filename`    뫠   ᯥ    ਭ.    
易⥫쭮  뢮  뢠 ,   ᥬ 
ꥪ 䠩  

         `output_filename`.

         ᯥ⪠  ਭ  ४묨 뫪:

         8085   input_filename   output_filename   -px

                㤥   ᥬ஢    䠩    
`input_filename`  뫠 ᯥ  ⠡ ४ 뫮
 ਭ.   易⥫쭮  䠩 뢮 ਢ  
⮬,    ᥬ  㤥  ᮧ  ꥪ  䠩     
`output_filename`.

         ᯥ⪠  ᪥:

         8085   input_filename   output_filename   -d

                㤥    ᥬ஢    䠩   
`input_filename`    뫠  ᯥ    .  ᯥ⪨
᪠ 㤥    ᠬ ,   室 䠩,    㤥
  ७  ".LST".     易⥫쭮    䠩
뢮 ਢ  ⮬,   ᥬ 㤥 ஢  ꥪ
䠩  

        ᯥ⪠  㣮 ᪮:

        8085   input_filename   output_filename   -d,a:
        8085   input_filename   output_filename   -d, \new\

            짮⥫  뫠  ᯥ  㣮
᪮   㣮 ࠢ筨 ᮢ, ⫨騩  ⥪饣.

        ᯥ⪠  ᪥  ४묨 뫪:

        8085 input_filename   output_filename   -dx

              㤥    ᥬ஢   室    䠩
`input_filename'  뫠 ᯥ  ⠡ ४ 뫮
 .    ᯥ⪨ ᪠ 㤥   ⮦ ᠬ ,   
室  䠩,     㤥     ७   "LST".    
易⥫쭮   䠩 뢮  ਢ   ⮬,  ᥬ
㤥 ஢ ꥪ 䠩   `output_filename'.

        ᯥ⪠ ⮫쪮 訡  ନ:

        8085 input_filename   output_filename  -et

              㤥    ᥬ஢   室    䠩
`input_filename'  뫠 ᮮ饭  訡  ନ.

         易⥫쭮  䠩 뢮 ਢ  ⮬,
   ᥬ   㤥   ᮧ   ꥪ   䠩       
`output_filename'.

        ᯥ⪠ ⮫쪮  訡  ਭ:

        8085 input_filename   output_filename   -ep

              㤥    ᥬ஢   室    䠩
`input_filename'    뫠  ᮮ饭    訡     ਭ.
 易⥫쭮   䠩  뢮 ਢ   ⮬,  
ᥬ 㤥 ᮧ ꥪ 䠩   output_filename.

        ᯥ⪠ ⮫쪮 訡  ᪥:

        8085   input_filename   output_filename   -ed

              㤥   ᥬ஢    室    䠩
`input_filename'    뫠  ᮮ饭    訡   . 
ᯥ⪨ ᪠ 㤥  ⮦  ᠬ ,   䠩  뢮, 
㤥  ७ "LST".   易⥫쭮   䠩
뢮 ਢ  ⮬,  ᥬ 㤥 ᮧ ꥪ 䠩
  `output_filename'.

        祭  몫祭 ᯥ⪨  ନ:

        8085   input_filename   -1t

              㤥    ᥬ஢   室    䠩
`input_filename'  뫠  LIST ON/OFF  ନ.

        祭/몫祭 ᯥ⪨  ਭ:

        8085 input_filename  -lp

              㤥    ᥬ஢   室    䠩
`input_filename'   뫠   LIST ON/OFF   ਭ.  
ਠ   稨 ⮫쪮  ⥬   짮⥫.

        祭/몫祭 ᯥ⪨  ᪥:

        8085   input_filename   -ld

                㤥    ᥬ஢   室  䠩
`input_filename'  뫠   LIST ON/OFF  .

         ᯥ⪨ ᪠ 㤥      ᠬ ,    
室 䠩,  㤥  ७ "LST".

		1.2.  祭 ⥬  㬮砭

        騥   ७      䠩     㬮砭 
ᯮ짮 ࠬ   "2500  AD",  ᫨  짮⥫  
㪠뢥  ७.

        ᥬ:

     asm - ७ 室 䠩 ᥬ
     obj - ७ 室 䠩 ᥬ
     pak - 㯫⭥ 室 쥪 䠩 ᥬ
     lst - ७ 䠩 ⨭


          痢:

     obj - ७ 室 䠩 騪
     lib - ७ 筮 䠩
     tsk - ७ 믮塞 쥪⭮ 
     hex - ७ 室 䠩  ଠ Intel Hex
     tek - ७ 室 䠩  ଠ Tektronix Hex
     s19 - ७ 室 䠩  ଠ Motorola s19
     s28 - ७ 室 䠩  ଠ Motorola s28
     s37 - ७ 室 䠩  ଠ Motorola s37


         ⥪:

     obj - ७ 室 쥪⭮ 䠩
     pak - ७ 室 쥪⭮  䠩
     lib - ७ 筮 


         ⬥⨬,    -  ⮣,    ⥫쭠 ଠ
祭  室 䠩  ᥬ, । 痢 ᥣ  
ண,  ᫨  ணࠬ ᥬ   ॡ㥬 
ண    譨 뫮.       ⮣, ⮡ 
⥫쭠 ଠ 뫠 㤠  䠩  室 ଠ⮬
뢮   ᮧ.

	       1.3. ࠡ⪠ 訡 ᥬ஢

          砥  訡  ᥬ஢,     ⢨,
।ਭ ᥬ஬,    ० ᯥ⪨,  
믮    ६.

        ᫨    뫮  㪠      ਠ ᯥ⪨, 
,    맢  訡    ᮮ饭    訡,  㤥
매  ନ.

        ᫨   ਠ ᯥ⪨   㪠,   ,
 맢  訡   ᮮ饭   訡,   뤠 
ନ, ᯫ 㤥   ᥬ 㤥 ⠭
, ᫨  짮⥫  ^S. 稭 ⮣ 砥  ⮬,
⮡  짮⥫  筮 ।,   室
訡.   㤥   ࢮ 室,  ⠪   ஬
室. ⬥⨬,   訡  㦨   ࢮ
室,  ⠪  ।  ᨬ.   ᫥  ⮣    訡
⮡ࠦ 뢮   몫祭   ᯮ짮 ^N.

        ᫨ ᯥ⪠  뫠   ਭ   ,  訡
騥    ࢮ  室,  뫠    ନ,   
ਭ      (  ᥬ)   ⠭.  믮
ண 室 訡 뤠   ਭ   ⠪    
ନ  ᥬ஢ த.

        ᫨  -  ᯥ⪠  뫠    ਭ      
ࠢ  ४⨢   ᥬ,       訡,    
⨫    ६  室  1,  뤠   ନ,   
ਭ            ᥬ஢   த.   訡,
㦥   ६ 室  2, 뤠   ਭ     
ନ,  ᫨  訡  室   ,   
㪠  ᯥ⪨.

        騥        ६ 믮 
ᥬ஢.      ६ 室 1,   ⠪
  ६  室  2      ਮ    ० ᯥ⪨,
㪠  ᥬ   ⢮.

           ६ ண ᥬ

     Ctrl S - ⠭ 뢮  ନ
     Ctrl O - 砫 뢮  ନ
     Del  C - ࢠ ᥬ஢
     Del  T - 뢮  ନ
     Del  D - 뢮  
     Del  M - 뢮    ନ
     Del  N - ⬥  뢮

	       1.4. ⠪ 몠 ᥬ஢

         ࠧ  뢠  ᨭ⠪, ᯮ㥬 -
ᥬ஬  "2500 AD"

			   1.4.1. ⪨

  	 ⪨   , ᮤঠ   ᫮
,  ⮫쪮 32   稬묨. ⪨  稭 
  ,   ᫨     蠥  稥.    ᫨    
ᯮ 稥,  ⪠  稭   1.  
⪨  稭  㪢 .  孥  
ॣ ᬠਢ  ࠧ .

		      1.4.2.   ⪨

     쭠 ⪠  ⪠,    ᯮ짮  
    "쭠"  ⪠.     砥    ⮬,  
। 쭮  ⪨   ⮫쪮   "묨"
⪠.   ਫ⥫쭮  "쭠"  ⭮      
⪠,  ࠭   ।  ᥩ ணࠬ.  
ணࠬ 室   쭮   ᫥饩,  
 ⮪     ᯮ짮 ୮.   ।⢮
    ⮪,  뫪      ⢫  ⮫쪮   
"쭮"  ,    뫮  ।  ,  ࢮ砫
 ⮪  㦭.

     ᥬ        ⠢
($)  䨪.   䨪      
ᯮ짮  ४⨢   LICHAR.   .    ࠧ     
"ࠢ । ४⨢",   ਢ   ஡
ଠ         ४⨢.       ਢ   ਬ
ᯮ짮  ⮪.

  LABEL1                       LABEL 1:
     $1:  NOP                       1$:   NOP
     $2:  JMP   $1                  2$:   JMP  1$
          JMP   $2                        JMP  2$


 LABEL2                         LABEL 2:
     $1:  NOP                        1$   NOP
     $2:  JMP   $1                   2$   JMP  1$
          JMP   $2                        JMP  2$

 LABEL3                         LABEL 3:
     $1   NOP                        1$   NOP
     $2   JMP   $1                   2$   JMP  1$
          JMP   $2                        JMP  2$


          ਬ    "" ⪨ :  LABEL1,
LABEL2, LABEL3.  ⪨ $1  $2  1$  2$   ࠧ筮
।    饭       ࠧ  .
⬥⨬,  $1  ᬠਢ    ᠬ ⪠,    1$.
        ᯮ짮   쭮 ⪥.  
⪨  ⠢   32 . , ⠪   "+",
      ᯮ짮     ⪠.  
⪨   , ᫨  ᯮ ४⨢ VAR,  DEFL,
SECTION,  ENDS  $.


		1.4.3. 祭 ᭮ ᥫ

          ᭮ ᥫ 㪠뢠 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          筮 -     B
          쬥筮 - O  Q
          筮 -   D   祭 ᭮
          ⭠筮 -  H  騩 ।  業
          ASCII -    窨 - "X"  `X`

   ᫥⥫쭮         窠,
 , ।  ࠭.  ४⨢  TWOCHAR ON
  ᯮ짮   ࠧ襭.

          "CR" or `CR'  -  ⪨
          "LF" or `LF'  - ॢ ப
          "SP" or `SP'  - ஡
          "HT" or `HT'  - ⠡
          "NL" or `NL'  - ⮩ ᨬ

		   1.4.5.  ਩ ணࠬ

       ப  ਨ  稭  窨,  ⮩ 
窨      I,  ᫨  ⮫쪮    ᯮ  ४⨢
"COMMENT". ਩ ᫥   㦤  窥  ⮩,
᫨    ࠩ       ஡          ⠡樨
। 砫 , ᫨ ᥬ ண  ०
SPACES OFF.  ᫨ ᥬ ண  ० SPACES ON,   
਩ ᫥     ᫥ ᥡ    ⮩.
.  ४⨢ SPACES,  ।⠢  ஡ ଠ 
ᠭ ०  㬮砭.

		1.4.6.  稪 ணࠬ ($  *)

        樠    "$"    "*"      ᯮ짮 
ࠦ    㪠  稪  ணࠬ.  祭, ᢠ
   窥,  祭 稪  砫 .

			1.4.7. 訩 

            ⮣,  ⮡ 㧨 訩  祭 16  
室  ᯮ짮        祬  >.    
ᯮ짮    8-16     祭  ,  ஥   
।塞.

			1.4.8. 訩 

            ⮣,  ⮡ 㧨 訩  祭 16  
室  ᯮ짮        祬  <.    
ᯮ짮     0-7     祭  ,  ஥   
࠯।塞.

	      1.4.9.  孥/ ॣ

           ⪨,  믮  孥    ॣ,
ᯮ     ࠧ  ⪨.   ⪨,  ᯮ짮   
 ࠧ    ப,  ⠪ ࠧ,  ᫨
⪠  ᠭ       ॣ     ⮣,   ⮡
ᯮ짮  孥 ॣ.

		      2. ४⨢ ᥬ

                 ࠧ  뢠  ४⨢ ᥬ.
४⨢      ।  ᮡ    ,  ᫨ 
ॡ  ⮣, ⮡ ⫨    ணࠬ.

		      2.1. ࠢ 

                        ORG        VALUE
                        ORIGIN

	⠭    ᥬ஢  ணࠬ.  ᫨  
४⨢    믮,      ᥬ஢  㬮砭
।⠢ ᮡ 0000.

                        END        VALUE

          ४⨢  ।    ணࠬ   祭
䠩.    ࠦ,   ᫥饥   ᫥      END,  
易⥫ , ᫨  ,   㪠뢠  ணࠬ
砫 .     室 䠩, ᫨  ⨯
  砫쭮     ணࠬ        ।
室 ଠ.

            LABEL         DB          VALUE
                          FCB
                          DEFB
                          BYTE
                          STRING

        ᥬ    㤥    ࠭    祭    ࠦ     
᫥⥫ 祩 .  ࠦ BYTE   ।⠢
ᮡ   ⨯  ࠭, 祬     㤥
⤥ ⮩.  窠   ASCII   ⠢  
.  ᫨  楯窠    ᮤন ,    
  㪠    䠬    .   ᫨   
ࠦ,      १ࢨ    .   ⪠ 
易⥫쭮.     ਢ    ਬ ᯮ짮
४⨢ BYTE.


     .BYTE                  ; १ࢨ஢  㫥 
     .BYTE     10           ; १ࢨ஢  , 祭 1
     .BYTE     1,2,3        ; १ࢨ஢ 3 , 祭 1,2,3
     .BYTE     SYMBOL-10    ; १ࢨ஢   祭 
                            ; SYMBOL-10        
     .BYTE     `Hello'      ; १ࢨ஢ 楯窨 ᨬ 
     .BYTE     `Hello', ODH ; १ࢨ஢ 楯窨 ᨬ  <>
			    ;  

          LABEL:      DW     VALUE
                      FDB
                      DEFW
                      WORD

          ४⨢ 㤥 ࠭ 祭 ࠦ  祩
  16  .   ᫮    樨஢ ⥬
ࠧ    ࠦ  ⮩.  ᫨     
ࠦ,   ᫮ १ࢨ  . ⪠ 
易⥫쭮.

         LABEL:       LONG      VALUE
                      LONGW
                      LWORD


            ४⨢ 㤥 ࠭ 祭  ࠦ  祩
 32  .    ᫮   樨஢
⥬ ࠧ  ࠦ ⮩. ᫨   
ࠦ,     ᫮ १ࢨ  . ⪠
 易⥫쭮.

          LABEL       ASCII     STRING

          ࠭ STRING     ⪨,   
,    ࠧࢠ   ("\",  HEX  7C).  ⪠ 
易⥫쭮.  ।⠢  ਬ  ASCII.

          ASCII       Hello     ; Stores the Ascii representation
                                  of Hello in consecutive
                                   memory  locations. Incidentally,
                                  this comment would be stored
                                  also. 1
          ASCII       Hello\    ; Now the comment wouldn't be
                                  stored. The next example
                                  shows termination with just
                                  a carriage return. 2
          ASCII       Hello

        1   -   ࠭  ।⠢      ASCII  HELLO 
᫥⥫ 祩 .  砩  ਩ 㤥
⠪ ࠭, 2 - ⥯ ਩  㤥 ࠭. 騩
ਬ  뢠  襭         ᯮ짮
 ⪨

          LABEL       FCC        STRING

     ࠭ STRING      㤥  ⨣ , 
ᮣ    .       ன ᮣ騩
     ࠭.   ⪠      易⥫쭮.  筮
ᯮ짮 룫廊 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          FCC      /This is test string/
     1 -  楯窠 ஢

          LABEL:    DS       SIZE
                    RMB
                    DEFS

      ४⨢ 㤥 १ࢨ஢ ᫮ ⮢,  㪠 
 SIZE.      祭   ࠭  १ࢨ஢
.    ४⨢  ⫨砥    ४⨢  BLKB   ⮬
⭮襭,    ᫨  祩    室      ࠧ
ணࠬ,   뢮    ।  痢    믮 
। 痢  ॡ  ⮣, ⮡  㣮 
ᢥ  ࠧ,  १ࢨ஢       
室 䠩.

          LABEL:    BLKB     SIZE, VALUE

          ࢨ ᫮ ⮢, 㪠   SIZE. ᫨
 祭   稨,    祭 ࠭  
.    ⨢  砥,  १ࢨ஢   .
⪠  易⥫쭮.

         BLKB    20        ;  Reserves 20 zeroed bytes  1
         BLKB    20, 0     ;  Reserves 20 zeroed bytes  2
         BLKB    20, FFH   ;  Reserves 20 bytes and stores
                              FF Hex in each one        3

          1  - १ࢨ 20 㫥 ⮢, 2 - १ࢨ 20
㫥   ⮢,   3   -   १ࢨ   20   ⮢    ࠭
⭠筮 祭 FF     

          LABEL:     BLKW     SIZE, VALUE

           १ࢨ ᫮ 16  ⮢ ᫮, 㪠  
ᯮ짮  SIZE.  ᫨    祭      稨, 
祭   ࠭         ᫮.      ⨢   砥,
१ࢨ஢ ᫮ . ⪠  易⥫쭮.

         BLKW      20             ; Reserves 20 zeroed word 1
         BLKW      20, 0          ; Reserves 20 zeroed words 2
         BLKW      20, FFFFH      ; Reserves 20 words and
                                    stores FFFF Hex in each
                                    one 3

     1  -  १ࢨ஢ 20  㫥 ᫮,  2 - १ࢨ 20
㫥 ᫮, 3 - १ࢨ 20 ᫮  ࠭ ⭠筮
祭 FFFF     

         LABEL:     BLKL          SIZE, VALUE

          ࢨ ᫮ 32-⮢   ᫮, 㪠 
 SIZE.  ᫨    祭      稨,   
祭 ࠭        ᫮.    ⨢ 砥,
१ࢨ஢      ᫮   .  ⪠   
易⥫쭮.

         BLKL      20         ; Reserves 20 zeroed long words 1
         BLKL      20, 0      ; Reserves 20 zeroed long words 2
         BLKL      20, FFFFH  ; Reserves 20 long words and stores
                                FFFF Hex in each one 3

     1 - १ࢨ 20 㫥  ᫮, 2 - १ࢨ 20
㫥  ᫮,  3  - १ࢨ 20  ᫮  ࠭
⭠筮 祭 FFFF    

         LABEL:    FLOAT      VALUE

       ८ࠧ 祭,  㪠  ଠ 饩 窨 
୮ ⥯ 筮. 祭  㣫,  ᥪ,
᫨      祬   24   .   ४⨢    
ᯮ짮 筮 祭.

        FLOAT     178.125
        FLOAT     100,.125, - 178.125

     LABEL:       DOUBLE       VALUE

     ८ࠧ 祭,  㪠  ଠ   饩 窮
  ⥯ 筮. 祭  㣫,  ᥪ,
᫨     52  . ४⨢   ᯮ짮
筮 祭.

        DOUBLE   178.125
        DOUBLE   100,.125-178.125

        ࠢ ।
        -----------------------

        LABEL :      EQU       VALUE
                     EQUAL

            ࠢ   祭.  祭 (VALUE) 
  㣨  ᨬ    㣨  ⢨⥫  䬥᪨
ࠦ.

        LABEL:       VAR       VALUE
                     DEFL

            ࠢ      祭,    
⮫쪮 ࠧ,  ᪮쪮 ॡ   ணࠬ. ⪠, ।
  ६,       ୮   ।    
४⨢ EQUAL.

                     LLCHAR     CHARACTER

       㬮砭  祭 쭮 ⪨ ।⠢
ᮡ ($).   ४⨢  ,   
 ᨬ   .  ,  
᭮ ᥫ,  ᫥ , ᫨ ⮫쪮   ᯮ
 楢  ⪨.

        LABEL:       MACRO      ARGS

     뢠 砫 । ப.

                     ENDM
                     MACEND

     뢠  । ப.

                     MACEXIT

      ४⨢ 뢠   室   ப.
  MACEXIT  MACEND  砥    ⮬,     ६
 । ப MACEXIT  蠥 ப
,  ᫨ ப MACEXIT 室  ஦ 䨪⨢ 
᫮ ᥬ஢,        믮.   祭
᫮  ᥬ஢  ⠭     ⮣    ᠬ
ﭨ,  ஬ 뫠 맢 ப.

                  MACDELIM       CHARACTER

        ४⨢  ᯮ    ⮣,   ⮡  ।
㬥,  ᮤঠ騩    ப.     㬮砭
砥   ⮬,  ⮡  ᥣ 﫨 ࠧ࠭⥫ﬨ
㬥⮢.  ⨬  ।⠢ ᮡ "{", "(", "[". 
  ᮣ騬 ࠬ  ࠧ࠭⥫,  室
    㬥.   ᨬ      ࠧ    ਬࠬ
ப    㪮⢠,       ਬ
ᯮ짮  ४⨢.

                  XDEF             LABEL
                  GLOBAL
                  PUBLIC

     뢠      ,   ன   
⢫ 뫪  ஭ 㣨 ணࠬ.   ⪨
  㪠뢠,  ᫨      ࠧ  묨.  
ਢ  ਬ ࠢ쭮 ᯮ짮 CLOBAL.

       CLOBAL    SYM1     ; Declares the label SYM1 to be
                            accessible to other programs.
                            The Linker will resolve the
                            external references.  1
       GLOBAL    SYM1,SYM2; Multiple declaration on the
                            same line are legal if separated
                            by a comma. The spaces are
                            ignored.              2

     1  -    SYMI  㯭   㣨 ணࠬ.
  痢  㤥   譨  뫪,  2  - 
   ⮩   ᠬ ப   ⢨⥫묨, ᫨
 ࠧ 묨. ஡ 

                 XREF              LABEL
                 EXTERN
                 EXTERNAL

     뢠   ,     ।塞     㣮  ணࠬ.
   ⪨     㪠뢠,   ᫨    ࠧ
묨.

                LABEL:           ASK         PROMPT

     뤠  "PROMPT"  (᪠)   ନ   ⢥ 
 ,  ண ⠥ ⭠筮 祭 30.
   樨  筮  砥    䫠  0/1 
ணࠬ "LABEL" ⠭ ࠢ १.  ⪨
蠥  "PROMPT".    室  2  ஭  뤠    
⢥⮬.

       ।⠢ ਬ "ASK":

     DISK_SIZE:  ASK  ASSEMBLE FOR 8"  (=1) OR 5 1/4 (=0) DRIVES 7:

      ᥬ஢
     ---------------------

     LABEL:  SECTION

        ४⨢      ᮧ      ࠧ,
।   짮⥫.    ᥬ          ࠭
।  ࠧ   CODE    DATA.   饥  ᫮  
ࠧ,  ஥ ⨬  䠩, ⠢ 256.  
  ⠢      32  .       孥
ॣ  ᬠਢ    ࠧ  .  ᫥  ⮣, 
ࠧ    ।,  ணࠬ    ४ ।-
   ᯮ짮    ⢥ . 
 㬮砭  ।⠫  ᮡ  DE.     ⠢
⥬ .     ᯮ짮  㣨 ४⨢
 ࠧ   । ᮡ  7  . ࠧ 
ﬨ  ᯫ樨 । 痢   㪮⢥,
 ਢ ଠ ⭮⥫쭮 ⮣,  ணࠬ ।
痢  ࠡ뢠    ࠧ.     ਢ  
ਬ ।   ࠧ  ४祭   ࠧ묨
ࠧ.

            NOP             ;This instruction goes into the CODE
                             sektion by default
            DATA            ;Switch to the predefined DATA sektion

            BYTE            ;This byte goes into the DATA section

     SEKTIONI SEKTION        ;Define a new sektion.  The definition
                              makes this sektion aktive automa-
                              tically
            NOP             ;This instruction goes into the
                             SEKTIONI sektion
            CODE            ;Switch back to the section named
                             CODE
             NOP              ;This instruction goes  into the CODE
                               section
            SEKTIONI         ;Swetch to the defined section
                              SECTIONI
            NOP              ;This instruction goes into the
                              SECTIONI section
            BYTE             ; Any section may contain code or
                              data or both.

     1  -       ࠧ  CODE    㬮砭;  2 -
४祭    ।  ࠧ DATA;  3  -    
ࠧ  DATA;  4  -  ।  ࠧ. । 
  ࠧ 騬 ⮬᪨;  5  -    
ࠧ  SECTIONI; 6 - ४祭 ⭮  ࠧ   CODE;7
-       ࠧ  CODE;  8 - ४祭  ࠧ,
।  짮⥫   SECTION 1;  9 -    
ࠧ   SECTIONI; 10 -  ࠧ  ᮤঠ   
   㣮.

                 ENDG

       ४⨢   ᯮ     ४⨢   SECTION.  ENDG
   ࠧ  䠩.

          RADIX               VALUE

                      2    or    B   = Binaty
            B ot      0    or    O   = Octal
                     10    or    D   = Decimal
                     16    or    H   = Hexadecimal

     I - ;  2 - ;  3 - 쬥;  4 - ;
     5 - ⭠.

            ࠦ =     ०   㬮砭, 
।⠢ ᮡ ᭮  10    ।,     㣨
        B,  Q,  D    ᫥ ⠭.
⬥⨬,       ᭮  16   㪠뢠,      ᯮᮡ
। 筮   筮 ᫮,  ᪮  D     
⢨⥫ ⭠ ᫠.

                  INCLUDE                        filename

          ᥬ  祭 䠨,  ண 뫮
ਢ   ᥬ஢.    䠩     
஦.   ७    䠩    㪠뢠  .
祭   ࣠ .

                  SPACES  ON

                ४⨢         ஡ 
࠭.     ஡  ࠧ,    ਩  
稭  窨  ⮩.  ०  㬮砭.

                  SPACES OFF

            ४⨢ 頥 ஡   ࠭. 
஡ ,  ਩ 易⥫쭮  稭
  窨  ⮩.    㬮砭  ।⠢ ᮡ  SPACES
ON.

                  TWOCHAR ON

            ४⨢ ࠧ蠥  ॢ    
 ASCII,   .   㬮砭 ।⠢ ᮡ
TWOCHAR OFF.

     "CR" or       -    2 Carriage return
     "LF" or       -    3 Line feed
     "SP" or       -    4 Space
     "HT" or       -    5 Horisontal tab
     "NL" or       -    6 Null

     1 - ; 2 -  ⪨; 3 -  ப; 4 - ஡; 5
- ਧ⠫쭠 ⠡; 6 - .

             TWOCHAR   OFF

             ४⨢ 頥 ॢ    
   ASCII,      ।饩  ४⨢.    ० 
㬮砭.

             MODULE  NAME

           ४⨢ ।祭  ᯮ짮  
४⨢  ENIMODE    ࠢ饩  ணࠬ  ⥪. 筮
⥪   ⠢      ⢠     ⠭
ணࠬ.   । 痢     ᨬ 
   䠩,        裡,    
ந   ⥪  ⭮襭    ᨬ, 
  襫.  砥,   ணࠬ  室 
⤥쭮 䠩     䠩    ᥬ஢ ⤥쭮.
  ⮣,  ⮡    ࠧ  䠩    ⠭⭠
ணࠬ     ᪮  (  )   
४⨢  MODULE    ENDMOD,       ᥬ  ⠭
ணࠬ  室   䠩.  ,   , ਢ 
⮬,    ᥬ  ᬠਢ       
⤥  ,   ⠪     뫪    譨   ᨬ  
  譨    ᨬ,  ᯮ㥬  㣨 ﬨ,
   묨.   㫨   
  ᯮ짮  ENDMOD.   㫨     ᮤঠ    ᥡ
砥   䠩,     ᠬ         室  
砥 䠩.   ࠭祭  ᫠  㫥,   
室   䠩.  ᥬ  㤥  ᮧ  室  䠩 
७  "PAK".     䠩       ࠡ⠭  ⮫쪮
ணࠬ-⥪६,             믮  
樨    ᯮ짮   ⥪  ADD AII
 REPLACE ALL.  .  ࠧ   " ⥪",
  ਢ  ଠ      .   ।⠢
ਬ ᯮ짮 MODULE  ENDMOD.


              MODULE   JUMP  TABLE       ;Define library name

              GLOBAL   JUMP  TABLE       ;Make table ayaflable to
                                          other mobules in f ille

              EXTERN   ROUTINE I         ;Define externals 4
              EXTERN   ROUTINE 2

              ENDMOD                     ;Define end of module 5

              MODULE   ROUTINE 1        ;Define library name 6
              GLOBAL   ROUTINE 1         ;Make routine available 7

 ROUTINE:     NOP
              ENDMOD                 ;Define end of module 8

              MODULE  ROUTINE 2      ;Define library name 9
              GLOBAL  ROUTINE 2      ;Make routine avaliable 10

 ROUTINE 2:   NOP
              ENDMOD                 ;Define end of mobule 11

              END                    ;Define end of fille 12

     1  -  ।  ⥪; 2 - ⠢ ⠡,
㯭 㣨   䠩; 3 - । 譨 뫮; 4
-  ࠭ ᮢ ⠭  ணࠬ;  5  -  । 
;  6  -  ।   ⥪;  7 - ।⠢
⠭⭮  ணࠬ;   8   -   ।    ;  9  -
।   ⥪;  10  -  ।⠢ ⠭⭮
ணࠬ;11  -  ।   ;  12 - । 
䠩.

           ᫨ ਢ  䠩  "test.  asm",   㤥
ᥬ஢     筮,        室  䠩  㤥
।⠫ ᮡ "test. pak". ⬥⨬  ६ ᥬ஢ 
ᥬ 믮 ""  砫  .

                      EDMOD

               ४⨢  ᯮ      ४⨢
MODULE    蠥   䠩. . ४⨢ MODULE, 
ਢ ਬ ᯮ짮 EDMOD.

                     COMMENT   CHARACTER

             ४⨢    짮⥫   
਩        ࠧ.    믮
᫥騬 ࠧ:

                     COMMENT   X

            ""    ।⠫ ᮡ   . ᥬ
㤥  ᬠਢ    ଠ    ࢮ    "" 
ண  ""    .  ᪮  襭
 㤥 ᪠஢  ᫥饩 ப,    
    ப.

                    ᫮ ᥬ஢

                     IFZ   VALUE

          ᥬ 㤥 ᥬ஢ , ᫥騥 ᫥
४⨢ ४⨢ ELSE  ENDIF,  ᫨ VALUE ࠢ 0. ᫮
            248   ஢.  VALUE  
।⠢  ᮡ  䬥᪮  ࠦ,  㣮  ᨬ 
楯.

                     IF                   VALUE
                     IFNZ                 VALUE
                     COND                 VALUE

            ᥡ  ,  ᫥騥  ᫥  ४⨢ 
४⨢ ELSE  ENDIF,  ᫨ 祭 VALUE  ࠢ 0. ᫮
     248 ஢.

                     IFTRUE               VALUE
                     IFNFALSE             VALUE

            ४⨢ 䠪᪨  ⠦ ᠬ,    IFNZ, 
     筮    ᯮ짮   ࠢ  ६
ᥬ஢.  ᫨  㪠  ᫮    ⨭,  
᫥騥  ᥬ  ४⨢ ELSE   ENDIF. ᫨
᫮   ⨭,      ४⨢  ELSE 
ENDIF  ᥬ.

                      IFNTRUE             VALUE
                      IFFALSE             VALUE

            ४⨢  筮 ⠪    ४⨢
IFZ     ।⠢  ᮡ     ४⨢  IFTRUE.  ᫨
㪠  ᫮    䨪⨢,     ᫥騥  
ᥬ  ४⨢ ELSE   ENDIF.  ᫨ ᫮ 
⨭,           ४⨢   ELSE      ENDIF  
졫.


                      IFDEF                LABEL


              ४⨢  㤥  ⨢஢   ⠡
ᨬ  ,  ᫨ LABEL  ,    ,  ᫥騥 ᫥
   ४⨢       ४⨢   ELSE       ENDIF,   
ᥬ஢.  ᫨  LABEL  ,   , ᫥騥
᫥   ,    ४⨢ ELSE    ENDIF   
ᥬ஢.

                      IFNDEF                LABEL

           ४⨢   IFDEF. ந
  ⠡  ᨬ  ,  ᫨  LABEL  ,    ,
᫥騥 ᫥    ४⨢ ELSE  ENDIF, 
ᥬ஢.  ᫨    LABEL    ,   ,
᫥騥 ᫥     ४⨢ ELSE   ENDIF, 
ᥬ.


                      IFSAME               STRING 1, STRING @
                      IFNDIFF

             ४⨢  ࠢ  STRING  2    STRING 1 
᫮ ᥬ , ᫥騥 ᫥   
ᨬ  १ ࠢ. ᫨  楯窨 , 
  ४⨢ ELSE  ENDIF ᥬ. 窨 
    ࠧ ⨯,     ஡  
஡.    楯窨,    ࠢ,   
  ⨯.  ᫨ 楯窨 ᮤঠ  ஡,    砫   
  楯窨      䮬,  祬  楯窨
䮢,   ,     ᯮ짮
 䮢.  ᫨ 楯窠  ᮤন ஡,  
 ॡ.   ० 祭    ࠢ 㬥⮢
ࠬ஢  ப.            楯窨  
ࠧ  ⮩.      ।⠢  ਬ  ᯮ짮
IFSAME.

                  IFSAME       test string ,  test string
                  IFSAME       2500 A.D.  s ,  2500 A.D.  s
                  IFSAME        X,  Y

	 ࢮ ਬ  楯窨 ᮤঠ ஡  ⮬
 ⠢  .  ன ਬ 뢠
ᮤঠ騥  楯窨 ,  ।⠢ 
 ᯮ짮  䮢.  쥬 ਬ
ப  ஢  । ॣ  ,
᪮ 楯窠  ᮤন ஡,    㦭 ⠢ 
.

     IFNSAME          STRING 1, STRING 2
     IFDIFF

            ४⨢    IFSAME. ᫨ 
楯窨      묨,       ᫥  
 ᥬ    ४⨢ ELSE    ENDIF.  ᫨ 
楯窨   묨,     ४⨢  ELSE 
ENDIF    ᥬ.  ࠢ  ᨭ⠪, ࠢ騥 ମ
楯祪 ⥦ ᠬ,     IFSAME.  .  IFSAME,  ਢ
ਬ ᯮ짮  ४⨢.

               IFEXT                LABEL

             ४⨢ ਢ   ⮬,   ᥬ 㤥
᪨ ⠡ ᨬ   ⪨    ᥬ஢ ,
᫥騥  ᫥  ,    ४⨢ ELSE   ENDIF,
᫨ ⪠ 뫠   譥.饭    訡 ᮧ,
᫨ ⪠  .


               IFNEXT                LABEL

            ४⨢ 㤥 ਢ    ⮬,  ᥬ
㤥  ᪨  ⠡  ᨬ    ⪨    ᥬ஢
,  ᫥騥 ᫥    ४⨢ ELSE 
ENDIF,  ᫨ ⪠  뫠   譥.  饭  訡
ᮧ, ᫨ ⪠  .

               IFABS                 LABEL
               IFNREL

            ४⨢ 㤥 ਢ    ⮬,  ᥬ
㤥  ᪨  ⠡  ᨬ    ⪨    ᥬ஢
,  ᫥騥 ᫥    ४⨢ ELSE 
ENDIF, ᫨ ⪠  ᮫⭮ (..  ।塞).
     譨   ⪨    ᬠਢ      ।塞.
饭  訡 ᮧ, ᫨ ⪠  .

               IFREL                 LABEL
               IFNABS

            ४⨢ 㤥 ਢ    ⮬,  ᥬ
㤥  ᪨  ⠡  ᨬ    ⪨    ᥬ஢
, ᫥騥 ᫥    ४⨢ ELSE 
ENDIF,  ᫨ ⪠   ।塞. 譨 ⪨
ᬠਢ     ।塞.   饭     訡
뤠, ᫨ ⪠  .

               LFMA         EXP

            ४⨢  ।祭  ᯮ짮 
ப   㤥 ᪠஢  ப  맮  ப 
। ⢮    㬥,  㪠 祭
EXP.  ᫨  㬥  ,    ,  ᫥騥  ᫥
         ४⨢   ELSE        ENDIF   
졫஢.   ᫨  㬥    ,    ,
᫥騥 ᫥    ४⨢   ELSE  ENDIF, 
 ᥬ஢.  㬥    㦥,
᫨  EXP=0.   ⮬  砥,  ᫨      稨 
㬥   ப  맮  ப,   ᫥騥 
ᥬ.  ᫨ 㬥   稨   ப 맮
ப,  ᫥騥    ᥬ஢. .
ࠧ  ᠭ ப   㪮⢠,  ਢ
ਬ ᯮ짮  ४⨢.

             IFNMA     EXP

            ४⨢    IFMA   ஢
맮 ப   ⮣,  ⮡  ᬮ,    
稨   㬥,   祭  EXP.  ᫨  㬥 
  稨,   , ᫥騥 ᫥  
 ४⨢ ELSE  ENDIF,  ᥬ쫨. ᫨ 㬥 
  稨,    ,  ᫥騥 ᫥     
४⨢  ELSE   ENDIF,   ᥬ. ⢮ 
㬥⮢       㦥,  ᫨  EXP=0.   
砥, ᫨   ࠩ   㬥  ப 맮
ப,  ᫥騥   ᥬ஢. ᫨ 
㬥⮢  ப 맮 ப,  ᫥騥  
 ᥬ஢.  . ࠧ  ᠭ ப 
㪮⢠,  ਢ ਬ  ४⨢.

             ELSE

            ஢,      ᥬ஢,
᫨       ਢ    ⨯  ४⨢   IF  
䨪⨢.

                   ENDC
                   ENDIF

           뢠     ᫮ ᥬ஢. 
ᥬ 㦨    IF  -  ENDIF,  뤠  ᮮ饭 
訡.  ᪮  ४ᨢ  ப      ᥣ
ࠢ   ४⨢   ⨯   IF   ४⨢   IFCLEAR   
ॡ.    ⨬  ४⨢ 砥 
⮬,  ENDIF ᥣ 믮, ⮣  IFCLEAR  믮
      室       䨪⨢       ᫮
ᥬ஢.

		   IFCLEAR

            ४⨢ 믮 筮 ⠪  㭪,  
ENDIF,    ᪫祭 ⮣,    믮,   室
 䨪⨢ ᫮  ᥬ஢.  ४⨢
   ᯮ짮  ४ᨢ  ப  ࠭
ᡠ஢   IFENDIF,     䠪᪨ 
ப    ᯮ짮  २⢮  ஢ન IF-ENDIF,
믮塞 ᥬ஬.   ४⨢    ᯮ짮
 믮  ⮩   ᠬ 㭪樨    ப ᮤন
४⨢ MACEXIT   室    ப,  ᪮ 
 ᥣ  ࠢ  ४⨢  IF  ।  ⨯. .
ࠧ  ᠭ ப   㪮⢠,  ਢ
ਬ ᯮ짮  ४⨢.


     ࠢ ᯥ⪮ ᥬ஢

     LIGT  ON

     砥 ᯥ,  ᫨ LIST  ON/OFF 뫮 㪠  
祭 ᯥ⪨   ᥬ      ࠧ. 
४⨢  ᥣ ᯮ । LIST   OFF.  㣨 ᫮ 
砫 ணࠬ ࠧ㬥 LIST  OFF.

     LIST  OFF

           몫砥  ᯥ,  ᫨ LIST  ON/OFF 뫮 㪠 
뫮  믮 LIST  ON.   ०  㬮砭   ⮬ 
ᯮ짮 ᫥ ४⨢ LIST  ON.

     MAGLIST  ON

           砥 ᯥ ७ ப.  ० 
㬮砭.

     MACLIST  OFF

           砥  ᯥ  ७  ப.   
㬮砭 ।⠢ ᮡ MACLIST  ON.

     CONDLIST  ON

             砥    ᯥ    䨪⨢    ᫮
ᥬ஢.  ०  㬮砭.

     CONDLIST  OFF

             몫砥   ᯥ    䨪⨢    ᫮
ᥬ஢.   㬮砭 CONDLIST  ON.

     ASCLIST  ON

           砥 ᯥ  楯祪    ASCII, 
ॡ        ப  ꥪ⭮        ᯥ⪥
ᥬ.

     FSCLIST  OFF

     몫砥  ᯥ  楯祪   ASCII,   ॡ
  ப  ꥪ⭮    ᯥ⪨ ᥬ. 쪮
ࢠ ப ꥪ⭮  㤥 ᯥ뢠.

     PW  TXP

        ⠭ ਭ ࠭. ਭ ࠭  㬮砭
⠢ 132 .

     PL  EXP

           ⠭    ࠭  ਭ.  ࠭
ਭ  㬮砭 ⠢ 61 ப. ᥬ 뤠 ᨣ
      ।  ⨣    ॢ襭. ᫨
砥 訡,  ᥬ 㤥 뤠 ᨣ  
᫥ ᮮ饭  訡.

     TOP  EXP

            ४⨢ ࠢ ᫮ ப   孥 
࠭   ࠭. ਠ  㬮砭 ⠢ 0.

     PASSI  ON

            砥   ᯥ   室   I.       
ᯮ짮   ⮣,  ⮡   訡  - ⮣, 
ᥬ ᯮ   ஦   室 I   ࠢ 
室  2.    ᫮ 筮  ᮧ 訡  "SYMBOL VALUE
CHANGED  BETWEEN   PASSES"   (       
).   ४⨢  ⠪      ᯮ짮 
᪠  訡 ᫮ ᥬ஢.

     PASSI  OFF

            몫砥   ᯥ   室   I,   ।, 
믮 PASSI  ON.

             PAG
             PAGE
             EJECT

          뤠 ᨣ    ன⢮ ᯥ⪨.

             NAM                 STRING
             TTL
             TITLE
             HEADING

           뢠  STRING  孥    ࠭.
᫨   "STRING"     㪠뢠,     ४⨢  "TITLE"  ,㤥
몫.      ⮫쪮 ࠧ,  ᪮쪮 
ॡ    몫祭   ६. ᨬ쭠 
 ⠢ 80  .      ⠡
  ४⨢  "TITLE"    砫  楯窨  ,  ᫨  
,  㤥  ஢.   ஡    ⠡樨
᫥ ⮣    .

              STTL           STRING
              SUBTITLE

     뢠  "STRING"   孥   ࠭. ᫨
믮 :"TITLE",          .
᫨ "TITLE"   믮   몫祭,    
㤥 뤠.  ᫨ "STRING"  㪠뢠,  ४⨢ 㤥
몫.      ⮫쪮  ࠧ, ᪮쪮
 ॡ       몫祭       ६.
ᨬ쭠     ⠢  80  .   
ᯮ짮 ४⨢  "TITLE"      ⠡樨 
४⨢ "TITLE"  砫 楯窨 "STRING", ᫨  ,
 ஢    ஡      ⠡樨, 
 ᫥ ⮣,    .

     ࠢ ।஬ 痢

     OPTIONS  OPTION  LIST

             ४⨢ ᯮ   뢮 ਠ⮢ 
।  痢.    ⮣ ⮡ 㢨  祭 ਠ⮢ .
ਠ  ।஢  痢     ࠧ     ᠭ  ਠ⮢
।  痢      㪮⢥.     䠩  뢮  
㬮砭 ।⠢ ᮡ ⭠ 䠩 INTEL. 뢮 
। 痢        ᯮ짮 
ਠ⮢ । 裡.

     FILLCHAP  VALUE

           痢 㤥  ஡,  ᮧ
  ᯮ짮 ࠧ   砫  㪠 祭.
 ४⨢ ਬ ⮫쪮  믮 뢮 ।
裡.    㣨  室  ଠ    稭    
, ᫨ ஡ 砫   稨.

RECSIZE   VALUE

          室   INTEL HEX
 MOTOROLA S     ४⨢ ⥬ 㪠 祭
⠭ 32    INTEL  131   MOTOROLA
  祭 VALUE.

SYMBOLS

       뫠 ᨬ  室 䠩  ।
痢.  ४⨢  ᯮ짮  ࠧ襭
। 痢,  㤥 뤠 ଠ ⠡ ᨬ
MICROTEK....

   ᫥ ࠦ.

      ᫥饬 筥 ਢ ࠧ襭 ᫥
६ ᥬ஢.    ஢ ਮ.
樨  ஢ ਮ  믮 묨. 
  ᯮ짮  ⮣, ⮡ ਭ㤨⥫쭮 믮
᫥  ⭮ 浪. ᫥ 믮  
ᯮ짮 䬥⨪  楫묨 ᫠ 80 ,  ᪫祭
⥫쭮 㭪樨,  ன ᯮ ᯮ,
ᮤঠ騩 ᥣ 8 . ᨬ쭮 ᫮ 権, 
믮 ⠢ 16.

OPERATION     PRIORITY            DESCRIPTION

UNARY +         7           1 Optionaiiy specifies a positive
                              operand.
UNARY-          7           2 Negates the following expression.
/ or. NOT       7           3 Complements the following expre-
                              ssion.
Unary           7           4 Keeps the high order byte of the
                              following address. This must be
                              used to obtain relocatable byte
                              address values.
Unaru           7           5 Keeps the low order byte of the
                              following address. Tihs must be
                              used to obtfin relocatable byte
                              address values.
**              6           6 Unsigned exponentiation
*               5           7 Unsigned multiplication
                5           8 Unsigned division
MOD             5           9 Remainder
SHR             5          10 Shift the preceeding exp-
                              ression right (with o
                              fill) the number of times
                              specified in the following
                              expression.
SHL             5          11 Shift the preceeding expression
                              lett (with o fill) the number of
                              times specified in the following
                              expression.
+               4          12 Addition
-               4          13 Subtraction
  or  AND       3          14 Logical  AND
  or  OR        2          15 Logical OR
. XOR.          2          16 Logical exclusive  OR

1 - 易⥫쭮 㪠뢠 ⥫ ࠭; 2 - ਤ
⥫  ᫥饬 ࠦ; 3 -  ᫥饥
ࠦ; 4 - ࠭ 訩  ᫥饣 . 
室 ᯮ짮  祭 ।塞 祭
ᮢ ⮢;  5 - ࠭ 쫠訩  ᫥饣 . 
ᯮ  祭 ।塞 祭 
;  6 - ᯮ  ;  7 - 㬭  ;  8 -
  ; 9 - 㬭  ; 10 - ᤢ
।饣 ࠦ ࠢ (  ﬨ) ᫮ ࠧ,
㪠  ᫥饬 ࠦ; 11 - ᤢ ।饣 ࠦ
 (  ﬨ) ᫮ ࠧ, 㪠  ᫥饬
ࠦ; 12 - ᫮; 13 - ⠭; 14 - ᪮ ; 15 -
᪮ ; 16 - ᪮ 饥 ; 17 - ; 18
- ਮ; 19 - ᠭ.


     騩 祭  ࠢ ६ 졫஢,
஥ 㤥   I, ᫨ ࠢ ⨭   0,
᫨ ࠢ 䨪⨢:

      =     or  EQ        -    Egual 1
            or  GT        -    Creater than 2
            or  LT        -    Less than 3
               UGT        -    Unsigned greater than
               ULT        -    Unsignet less than 5

1 - ࠢ; 2 -  祬;  3 -  祬; 4 -  祬 
; 5 -  祬  .

                            ப

                            ।

     ப  ᫥⥫쭮 室 ப, 
 ⠢   室 ப. ப 
। ।  ᯮ짮. ᥬ 㤥 ࠭
। ப  ᫥ ⮣,    
ப,  㤥 ⠢ ࠭ । 室
ப. 㬥    । ப.
㬥  ⠢   ,  ᪫祭 
.

      । ப 䨪⨢ 㬥  
ᮤঠ ஡.   䨪⨢ 맮 ப
㬥    ⨯: , ᢥ 楯窨 
 ॣ. 顥  ࠧ  㬥, ᫨ ⮫쪮  
楯窠   FSCII,  ⮬ 砥 楯窠  
 . ᫨ 楯窠  ᮤন ,    
㪠  䠬 .  㬥  । 
  ப, ᫨  䨪⨢ 㬥⮢
.  ப ࠭稢 ⮫쪮 ꥬ
饩  稨 .

      ⮣, ⮡ । ப ᯮ ४⨢
"MACRO". ப   ४⨢ "MACEND"  "ENIM",
᫥ ᫥ । ப.  ப
室   ⪨.

             ࠭⥫ 㬥⮢

      ப 맮 ப 㬥  ࠧ
묨,  騥 । ஡   ⠡樨
. ᫨   稨   㬥,  
 㤥 㦨  ⢥ ঠ⥫ . 窠 
⢥ 㬥  㤥 ᯮ짮  稪 ணࠬ,
   㬭.   ப ࠧ襭
᫥騥 ࠧ࠭⥫ 㬥⮢:

   .NOT.
   .AND.
   .OR.
   .XOR.
   .EQ.
   .GT.
   .LT.
   .UGT.
   .ULT.
   .SHR.
   .SHL.

                   ⪨  ப

       ⪨ ࠧ  । ப. ⪨ 
।    ᯮᮡ.   . 
⪨  । ப    졫஬.
 ⪨ ᫥ ᫥  .

	ᥬ 㤥 ⠢ ࠧ來 ᫮ ७
ப   .  ⮬ 砥 ⪠  
७ ப   ॢ 32 . 㬥 
ᯮ짮  㪠 ⪨.

                      ᪠ ᮥ 楯祪

      ࠧࢠ  ( = 7  ⭠筮 ଠ)
ᯮ  ⢥  ᪠ ᮥ 楯祪.
᪠ ᮥ  믮 ⮫쪮  ப.

                 ᪠ ᮥ 祭

     ᪠ ᮥ 楯祪, 祭  ࠦ  
⨣   ᯮ짮  ࠧࢠ  ( = 7 
⭠筮 ଠ) ᫥ 祣 ᫥  㣫 ᪮,
ࠦ  ࠢ 㣫 ᪮.  ஡  ࠧ
 ࠧࢠ ⮩   㣫 ᪮.  ।⠢
ਬ  樨:

CONCAT                   .MACRO           ARG
VALUE:                   .VAR             VALUE+1
ARG   VALUE*2            .EQU             31
                         .ENDM
VALUE                    .VAR             0
                         CONCAT           LABEL


    맮 CONCAT   LABEL   㤥 ᮧ ᫥饥:

      LABEL 2                .EQU          31

 樨஢ VALUE । ⥬,  뢠 ப. 
⨢ 砥, ⪠,  , 㤥  㣮
祭  室 I 祬  室 2.

       ୮ । 

        ⠡ ᥬ ⢫  ᫥饬
浪:

            1 st    -  Mnemonic Table  1
            2 nd    -  Macro Definition Table 2
            3 rd    -  Assembler Directive Table 3
            4 th    -  Section Name Table 4

I - ⠡ ; 2 - ⠡ । ப; 3 -
⠡ ४⨢ ᥬ; 4 - ⠡  ࠧ.

      ⮣ ⮡ ୮ ।   
ᯮ짮 ४⨢  MACPIRST.  㤥 ந  
᫥饬 浪: ᭠砫  ⠡ । ப 
⥬  ⠡ .

            ਬ ப

      ப   ᠭ  ⮣, ⮡ 믮
ࠢ 楯祪.  ப  ᯮ짮
⮣ ।⢠.

       CMP   STRING:   .MACRO     ARG 1
                        IFNMA     1
                        CMP STRING NEEDS AN ARGUMENT
                        MACEXIT
                        ENDIF
                        IFSAME  "JANUARY" ARG1
       MONTH            BYTE       1
                        MACEXIT
                        ENDIF
                        IFSAME  "FEBRUARY", ARG1
       MONTH            BYTE       2
                        MACEXIT
                        ENDIF
                        IFSAME    "MARCH", ARG1

       MONTH            BYTE       3
                        MACEXIT
                        ENDIF
                        IFSAME     "APRIL",ARG1
       MONTH            BYTE       4
                        MACEXIT
                        ENDIF
                        IFSAME     "MAY", ARG1
       MONTH            BYTE       5
                        MACEXIT
                        ENDIF
                        IFSAME     "JUNE", ARG1
       MONTH            BYTE        6
                        MACEXIT
                        ENDIF
                        ARGUMENT ERROR IN MACRO STRING
                        ENDM
                        CMP STRING     "FPRIL"

                        END

   騩 ਬ  ᯮ짮 ⠭
㬥⮢   ࠭ ப.

EMPLOYEE INFO:  .MACRO    ARG1, ARG2, ARG3
NAMe:            DB       ARG1
DEPARTMENT:      ASCI1    ARG2
DATE HIRED:      LONG     ARG3
                 .ENDM
                 EMPLOYEE INFO  JOHN DOE , PERSONNEL, 101085
                 END

      ਬ     ⮣, ⮡ ࠢ
㬥   ⪨.    .

EMPLOYEE  INFO:   .MACRO     ARG1, ARG2, ARG3
ARG1:              DS        3OH
ARG2:              DS        10H
ARG3:              LONG
                  .ENDM
                   EMPLOYEE  INFO   NAME  DEPARTMENT  DATE HIRED
                   END

       ப ⠪  믮 ⠭ 
 .  ⪠  ᮧ  ப 
      .

INSTRUCTION:      .MACRO       ARG,   VAL
                   ARG
LAB:               DS          VAL
                  .MACEND
                   INSTRUCTION    NOP , 7
                   END

      ⮣ ⮡ ୮ ।  ।
ப   ४⨢ MACFIRST ON.

                           MACFIRST   ON
            NOP:           .MACRO    ARG
                           DB        ARG
                           .ENDM
                           NOP       FFH
                           END

       ४⨢ ப MACDELIM  
ᯮ짮  ।   ப. 騥 ਬ
뢠 ᨭ⠪  ४⨢.

                      MACDELIM
   DELIM EX           MACRO           ARG1, ARG2
                      BYTE            FFH, ARG1,ARG2
                      ENDM
                      DELIM EX        {,A4H}, {,12H}

                      MACDELIM
   DELIM EX           MACRO           ARG1
                      BYTE            FFH  ARG1
                      ENDM
                      DELIM   EX      {,A4H}

                      MACDELIM

  DELIM  EX           MACRO           ARG1
                      BYTE            FFH ARG1
                      ENDM
                      DELIM  EX       (,A4H)

                      

       ।⠢ ਬ ४ᨢ ப, 
१ࢨ ᫮  , । ⥬ 㬥⮬
ARGI    祭, 㪠 ARG2,ARG3, ARG4, ARG5,
ARG6.  ⠪  ᯮ짮 MACEXIT  IFCLEAR.
 砥 㬥襭  ࠧ,  横 믮
ᯥ譮. ப 뢠 ᭮   
RESERVE   ᫥騬 㬥⠬:

       RESERVE:    .MACRO     ARG1, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6.
       COUNT:      .VAR       ARG1
                   .IFZ       COUNT
                   .IFCLEAR
                   .MACEXIT
                   .ENDIF
       COUNT:      .VAR       COUNT-1
                   .BYTE      ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6
                   RESERVE    COUNT, ARG2, ARG3, ARG4, ARG5, ARG6
                   .MACEND

       ப 㤥 뢠 ஬, ⠪ 
,  ।⠢ .

    RESERVE     10, AH, BH, CH, DH, EH  ; FILL  50 bytes
                                          with the seguence
                                          ABCDE.

I -  50  ᫥⥫쭮 ABCDE

      ⨬  ப, ⠪  , 
ਢ  ਬ , 뢠  ४ᨢ ப 
..    ஢.  ⬥⨬ ᯮ짮
४⨢ IFCLEAR,  ࠭   ᫮ ஢
IF - ENDIF.    ਬ,   ॡ, ⮬ 
४⨢ MACEXIT 㤥   ᫮   
ࢮ砫쭮 ﭨ.

	    饭  訡 ᥬ

CAN'T  CREATE   OUTPUT  FILE - DISK VFY DE FULL

        䠪᪨   樮 ⥬
  뢠 ६ 筮 ⢮
䠩. . ॡ  ⥬    㪮⢠ 
⮣, ⮡ ⪮४஢  訡.

         CAN'T  OPEN INPUT  FILE

      樮 ⥬  ࠧ蠥 ६ 뢠
筮 ⢮ 䠩. . ॡ  ⥬  
 㪮⢠  ⮣, ⮡ ⪮४஢ 
訡.

        CAN'T  FIND   FILENAME.  OBJ

      䠩 .JBJ    樮 ⥬ 
ࠧ蠥 ६ 뢠 筮 ⢮ 䠩.
. ॡ  ⥬    㪮⢠  ⮣,
⮡ ⪮४஢  訡.

           SYNTAX   ERROR

筮    ᪮.

           CAN'T  RESOLVE  OPERAND

 ।,   ணࠬ.

           ILLIGAL  ADDRESSING  MODE

      믮   ࠭  
ᯮ짮  .

           ILLEGAL   ARGUMENT

      ࠭    ᯮ짮.

           MULTIPLE  DEFINED  SYMBOL

      । ࠭ ( 騩 "VAR").

           ILLEGAL  MNEMONIC

          뫠 । 
ப.

           TOO  LARGE

     ⮭祭 ᫨誮 쪮  ࠭.

           ILLEGAL  ASCII   DESIGNATOR

      㭪   ASCII.

     HEX      AND  SYMBOL  ARE IDENTICAL


              ⪠   稨,  
筠 ⭠筮 , ᯮ㥬  ⢥
࠭.  㪠⥫ ⭠筮 ᫠   
⮬  ᠬ , ⮡ 뫠 ᮧ 訡.

            UNDEFINED   SYMBOL

        ।  ६ ࢮ 室.

            RELATIVE  JUMP  TOO  LARGE

      ⮭祭 室  㣮 ࠭.

            EXTRA  CHARACTERS  AT  END  OF OPERAND

     筮 ᨭ⠪᪠ 訡  訡 ଠ.

     ਬ砭:

      訡  ᫥ ஢મ   ।
⥬,  ᥬ ३  ᫥饩 ப  㪠뢠, 
 ⥫  ᫥ ࠧ襭 ନ
࠭.

            LABEL VALUE CHANGED BETWEEN PASSES

     ஢ 祭 ᨬ  ६ ࢮ 室 
ࠢ ஬ 室.

     ਬ砭:

      訡 筮 뢠  ᥬ ᯮ
ࠧ ஦  室 1  ࠢ  室 2 -
 祭 㬥⮢ ४⨢ ᫮ ஢.
४⨢ PASSI ON/OFF      ᪠
訡 ⠪ ⨯.

ATTEMPTED  DIVISION  BY  ZERO

      ࠭ ⥫ 業 ࠢ .

ILLEGAL  EXTERNAL  REFERENCE

      뫪     ᯮ짮.

NESTED  CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY  UNBALANCE  DETECTED

       ⨯ "IF"  ᮣ  "ENDIF. MACRO STACK
OVERFLOW"

      ப 믮 ᫨誮 㡮.

     ਬ砭:

      訡   맢 ᫨誮 訬 ᫮
맮 ४ᨢ ப. ⥪  ࠭⢮
ਡ⥫쭮  700  ४ᨢ 맮 ப.
᫮ 맮 ࣠ ⢨  ஭ ᫠
㬥⮢,  ᯮ ப.

     ILLEGAL  REGISTER

      ॣ   ⢨⥫  .

     CAN"T  RECOGNIZE  NUMBER BASE

      ᭮ ᫠   ⥬ ᭮,
஥ ਭ ᥬ.

     NOT ENOUGH  PARAMETES

      뫮  稨  㬥⮢, 祬 ࠬ஢ 
ப.

     ILLEGAL  LABEL  IST  CHARACTER

     ⪨  稭  㪢 .

     MAXIMUM  EXTERNAL  SYMBOL COUNT EXCEEDED

     뫮 ᫨誮  譨 뫮  .

     ਬ砭:

     ᨬ  ਡ⥫쭮 5000 譨 뫮  
.

     MUST BE IN SAME SECTION

     ࠭   㣮 ࠧ.

     NON-EXISTANT INCLUDE FILE

      祭    .

     ILLEGAL  NESTED INCLUDE

      祭 䠩, ᮤঠ騩 ४⨢ .INCLUDE. 
訡  ⠪ 㪠뢠,  祭 䠩  
 END.

     NESTED  SECTION  UNBALANCE

     ।  ࠧ  ENDS.

     MISSING  DELIMITER ON MACRO CALL LINE

     ᮣ騥 ࠧ࠭⥫  맮 ப.

     MULTIPLE EXTERNALS IN THE SAME OPERAND

      祬  뫪   ࠭.

     LABEL IS ILLEGAL ON THIS INSTRUCTION

      ᯮ  ⮣, ⮡ ⬥ ⪨,  
 ᮤঠ ।塞 祭.   ENDM 
MACEND.  ࠧ , ⪠  ࠧ蠥   .

     ਬ砭:

     ᨬ  ਡ⥫쭮 5000 譨 뫮  
.

     MUST BE IN SAME SECTION

࠭   㣮 ࠧ.

     NON-EXISTANT INCLUDE FILE

 祭    .

     ILLEGAL NESTED INCLUDE

      祭 䠩, ᮤন騩 ४⨢ .INCLUDE. 
訡  ⠪ 㪠뢠,  祭 䠩  
 END.

     NESTED  SECTION UNBALANCE

।  ࠧ  ENDS.

     MISSING DELIMITER ON MACRO CALL LINE

ᮣ騥 ࠧ࠭⥫  맮 ப.

     MULTIPLE EXTERNALS IN THE SAME OPERAND

 祬   뫪   ࠭.

     LABEL IS ILLEGAL ON THIS INSTRUCTION

      ᯮ  ⮣, ⮡ ⬥ ⪨,  
 ᮤঠ ।塞 祭.   ENDM 
MACEND.  ࠧ ⪠  ࠧ蠥   .
