

                   - () V.34:
                       ᭮ ᮡ


      ᬮ  ⨦   ᮪᪮ ஢
⥬ । (),   㥬 ⥫䮭 
࠭ ᢮ ਢ⥫쭮.   ப -
࠭  㯭 ⠪ , 砫 祭 -
 뫠 । . ᫨  ᯮ殮  室 -
 ,  ⮫쪮       ।
.

       饥 ६ ਮ५ 㠫쭮 ⠪ , -
쭠 ᪮ ண ⨣  ᪮ ࢨ筮 
 (32, 40, 64 /)  ࠡ  㥬 .  -
   ᤥ ᯥ ᪮⥩ ।  -
, ,  ᢮ ।, 稫  ⢨  
஢ ⥩.  襭 ஡ ᮧ ⠪ ᮪᪮-
 , 稭  1990  뫨 ࠧ ࠧ ᫥-
⥫᪨ 㯯   , IEEE (Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers),  ⠪    - ࠧ-
稪 , ⠪ : Motorola Inc., AT&T Bell Laboratories,
Racal-Datacom  .  ࠡ   砫 ४樨 -
() V.34.

       ਨ.   1991   ࠭ ୠ [1] -
 ॢ "V.fast",   ࠧࠡ⪨  
ࠬ  ᭠砫  ᪮ 24000,  ⮬  28800 /. 
㭣 "V.fast" ଠ Rockwell International Corp. 砫 ந-
⢮ ஢   , ࠦ  ᮣᮢ -
,  ⥭  ஫ ⥫ ⠭ -䠪, -
 "V.FC".  ⮬ ६    ࠧࠡ⪨ ᮪᪮-
    﫨 ந ன⢠ 
᪮ﬨ  14400 /.   ,  
⠭ ०   ࠡ  ᪮ 16800 
19200 /, ᯮ ଥ ⮪ (ZyXEL, U.S. Robotics).
 ⮣ ⠭  AT&T Paradyne - V.32terbo [2] 
 1993   ᨫ쭥 ਫ , ࠧ  -
ᮢ     - ஭ V.32terbo   ⨢-
.   ஭,  ᫮ ࠡ⪥   ४-
樨 V.32bis,  ᪮ ⠥  19200 /,  -
 㢥祭 ᫠ ᨣ 祪  512, ࠭ -
 ᨬ ᪮  ⨯ ⮣ .  㣮 ஭,
⠪  ⢥ 室    ᥡ 祣 ணᨢ-
    ᪨ .

      , 졠  뭪 ᮪᪮  ⢥
㫠 ਭ⨥ ४樨 V.34. १୮ 㢫祭 ⮩ -
 த ࠧ  㭠த묨 ४ﬨ  -
묨 ઠ,  稭騬  䨪 V. -ࠧ-
稪  ᯥ  ६ ࠭ know-how  ६-
 易 ᢮ 室. ࠪ୮,  ঠ⥫ﬨ ⥭⮢ 
ࠧ 孮, 襤訥  ४ V.34,  17 -
.

        ,  䥢ࠫ 1994   ।⥫쭠 ४-
 V.34, ⠫ ᯥ䨪樨 뫨 ᮣᮢ  砫 -
,   ᥤ ᫥⥫᪮ ᨨ - () 20 ᥭ-
 ⮣   ४ 뫠 ਭ. ,   -
, ன   ⮣   㡫   ⥬-
. ३  ⥬    砫    ४-
樨 V.34 [3]: ", ᯥ稢騩 ।   ᪮-
ﬨ  28800 /  ᯮ짮  㥬  饣
짮    ஢ 뤥  ⥫-
䮭 ⨯".

      ᭮,  ᪮ 14400 /   ६ -
ਢ  ࠧࠡ稪 ,  ᨬ쭮--
  ࠡ   ⮭쭮 .   ᭨ ⠪
㦨⥫ ꥬ  誠 ᪮?  ⮨  ⮩ ४-
樥,   ᥭ樥 殮 ࠡ 
祭  ஢?  楯樨    ᭮? ⠥
⢥   .

      祢 ⮬, 訬 㢥 ᪮, 
  ᯮ짮 ⮩  ,   -
, 室  ⠢ 㥬 . , ४ V.32
। ᯮ짮 䨪஢   ਭ 2.4 
(600...3000 ),   ᥣ 㦥 䠪᪮  ய-
 ᮢ६ ࠧ饣 㤮. ६ ,
ᯮ騥   ᪮ 64 /,   ⨧樨
 ᨣ 8    ய᪠   3.5 . -
  ᨣ 室 १ , ࠧ  ஢, ⠪
  ன, ਣ  ।   -
  3 .

       ⨬ 稭 ᯮ㥬   ४樨 V.34 -
    ⨢-饩 稭. -
 ।ᬠਢ  ᨬ ᪮⥩ S, ࠢ 2400,
2743, 2800, 3000, 3200  3429 ᨬ/ ( ४樨 V.34 
㯮  ७ ᪮ 樨 "",  易
 ᯥ䨪 ᯮ㥬 ᨣ, ࠧ୮  
)   祭 饩 : 1600, 1646, 1680, 1800, 1829,
1867, 1920, 1959, 2000 .     ᯮ짮
    ᨬ쭮 䥪⨢. , 
⨢ ன   ࠪ⨪ , 
 ।   ॠ   ਥ 
,   ४樨 ५  ࠪ.  ᠬ
᪮ ।  R 롨ࠥ  ⢠ ⨬, -
    2400  28800 /,  2400 /,  
  室 ࠡ.  ⮬   ᨬ ࢠ, -
⥫쭮 ண ࠢ 1/S,  ।  1  9 . -
 ᪮ - 28800 /  ⮫쪮  ᨬ ᪮-
 3200  3429 ᨬ/,  ⮬ ਭ ᯥ  ᨣ-
 ॢ蠥  ய᪠  ⮭쭮 , 
 ⭮ ࠢ 3100 . ⮬ ᯮᮡ  ࠡ 
᪮ 28800 / १ ⠪  ࠪਧ ⢮ 
ࠧࠡ稪.

      㣨,   , ⮬  ⥬ -
⮩稢 ஢. 孨 TCM (Trellis Coded Modulation - -
   ஢) ⥫쭮 த㫠 । 
ࠢ  ⮩,    ४樨 V.32.   嬥-
 ᨣ쭮-  (), ।⠢ ᮡ 32-
  㤭    ᢥ
  8 ﭨ, 뫠 ⥫ ⨦  1984 .
 㦥  㡫 1987  [4] 뢠 2, 4, 8  16-
, 騥  ࣥ᪨ 먣  ஢ 
4.01  6.05 . ⥫ १  ᫥  -
 ᨭ⥧ ,  ⠪ ⬮  ਥ   
४ V.34 嬥   ᢥ   16, 32 
64 ﭨ.  㢥祭 ᫠ ﭨ   ᢮
 ﭨ  ᥤ ﬨ  ⮩ ࠬ,
 १ 祣 蠥 ⮩稢 ᥩ ⥬ ᨣ-
.  㣮 ஭,  ⥭   ᫮  
㢥祭 প  ਭ⨥ 襭.

      ᥣ  ४樨 ।⠢ 50 ࠧ ᨣ ᮧ-
 (஥権),   ᯥ稢 ࠡ   ᪮.
 ਬ,  . 1 ।⠢  ஥樨  ᪮ 
 ࠧ ᫮ ᨣ 祪 L, ࠢ 24, 128, 256  960.

       嬥୮ ࠭⢥  窠   न-
, ।   ᨬ ࢠ   ନ஢ 
樮  ᯮ   . 室  -
嬥   ⢥ 㢥 饥 ᫮ ᨣ-
 祪,      ᪮ (⭮襭
᫠ ଠ樮   饬  )  襭 -
⮩稢. ᭮,  ⢮ ᨣ 祪  嬥-
 ࠭⢥  ⨣ 稭 浪 10**11 (L = 960) 
⮣, ਬ, ⮡ ।   ᨣ 窨, -
  㣫筮 ࠡ   .

        奬 ।稪    ,
ᯮᮡ騩 ᨭ⥧ 室 ᨣ ॡ㥬 .  
⮬, , ᬮ  稥 ६  室 ।稪, -
㥬  ନ ᨣ  訬 -䠪஬ (⭮襭
 祭 魮  ।). ⢨ ⮣ 
᪠ ᨬ  । ଠ樥  ஢
ᨣ  室,  蠥 騥 ࠪ⨪ ⥬. 
襭 ⮩   ४樨 । ᯥ樠쭮 ।-
஢ (Shell Mapping), ஥ ᯥ稢 ଠ樮 ࠧ-
   ⨯ ᨣ ᮧ.  ⠪ ।஢
嬥୮ ᮧ ࠧ  業᪨ , ᮤঠ-
騥 ࠢ ᫮ ᨣ 祪,  ᯥ樠 ८ࠧ -
  ॡ㥬  ।  । .

         孮, 襤 ࠦ  ४-
樨 V.34,  㤭-䠧 ।४ ᨣ -
稪.  ४樨 V.32  ࠭ ᨬ쭮 -
७樨 ।ᬠਢ ࠤ樮 ⨢ ४, ⠪ 
 ᨭ⥧஢  쭮   ⨢  -
ᮢ᪨ 㬮. ,  ⨯ ४  ⨬,  
ᯮ ᨬ쭮-   .  ⮬ 砥
  ᨫ쭮 堭    ய᪠  
४ ᨫ쭮 蠥 ᮮ⭮襭 ᨣ/.

      ⠥,   ⮬ 砥 楫ᮮࠧ ᯮ짮 -
 ४  ⭮   襭 DFE (decision feedback
equalizer), ᯮ騩 १ ஢. ,  ᮦ,
DFE    ᯮ짮  ᮥ    -
প  ஢  ਥ.   , ।४
 ।  ᯥ ⠪  ࠪ⨪,   -
 DFE.  ।४  ᯥࠫ묨 ।᪠ﬨ, -
   ४ V.34, ।⠢ ᮡ 襭, -
饥  먣  3.5   ᮮ⭮襭 ᨣ/ 
ࠢ   ४樥. ।᪠  । 
  ஢ 䨫 쥣 浪  묨 -
樥⠬,  뫠  㤠   ⠯ 宦-
  .  ࠧ, ᨣ ।稪  ᪠, -
 ⥬,   ਮ⠥  宦  ,  
 ⮣ ⢥ 砥  ⨢ ४ 
ਥ ஭.

      ஬ ⮣,  ४樨   롮 
 11 ࠭ ७ 蠡  ᯥ ᨣ ।稪.
 蠡 । ꥬ ᮪ ⠢ ᯥ-
,   ᪮஢ ᪠, ᨬ ᪨ 
ᮥ⥫묨 ﬨ.

      㣨  䠪஬, ᯥ稢騬 ⮩稢 ࠡ
,   ।    , ⠫   ।-
 ᨣ  ।᪠.   筮 ᪮-
஢  ᯥ᪨  ᪠ ᨣ,
ᨬ ன . ।᪠ ਢ  த
࠭ଠ樨 ᨣ쭮 ࠭⢠, 㢥稢 饭 -
਩ 祪 (. 2).

      ᭮ ᮡ ४樨  楤 -
樨   裡 ᫥ ⠭ ᮥ.  ⮬ -
稪   뫠   ᯥ樠 騩 ᨣ-
,  ।⠢ ᮡ ᫥⥫쭮  21 ମ-
  ࠧ     150  3750 . ਥ
㤠    ⮣ ᨣ ⢫  -
⭮ ࠪ⨪  裡, ⥯  ᪠,
ᤢ   㣨 ࠪ⨪ . ,  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
⨬ 롨ࠥ 쭠 ᨬ쭠 ᪮, 祭 饩
, ஢ ।,  蠡  樥 ।४-
, ᪮ । , ᫮ ﭨ ⮣ ,
⨯ , ࠬ    㣠 ଠ  
䨣樨 㤠 ।稪. 筠 楤 -
   ⨢ ࠢ. ⥬   -
  ⨬ ⠭, ।   ᪮ 600
/   ⭮⥫쭮 䠧 樨  ⭮-ࠧ-
    1200  2400 .  ଠ 饭 
訡 横᪨ , 筮 ⮬,     ४-
樨 V.42.

      ᪮쪮 ᫮  㣨 ᮡ V.34.  ⠫ -
 ஢ - ᨣ ,    㯥ઠ, ࠧ
 . ᫥  䨪஢ ⥫쭮
- 280 ,   । ⥫쭮 ᥣ 横.  ᫥⢨,
 ⥬  ।⢠  ঠ ᨭ஭樨  ࠬ.
쥧  㤥 楤 宦  ,  -
⮨   䠧. ࢠ 䠧 - ⠭ ᮥ ᮣ᭮
४ V.25  V.8,  ன  롨 ४
- ਨ V., ॠ   . ᫨   -
ন V.34,   室  ன 䠧,  室 ன -
 ஡஢  䨪  裡,  ஬ 㦥
諠 .   ⢥ 䠧 㦠  祭 ⨢
४, -  㣨 ⥬ ਥ . ⫨-
⥫쭮 ⮩ V.34 ⠪  ࠧ ࢨ,  -
砥  ᥡ ⠪ :
       - ᨬ筠 ।.  ⮬ ࠧ㬥,  
, ࠡ騥  V.34,    ⮫쪮 ࠧ ᪮
।,   ࠧ 騥 , ࠧ   ..;
       - 㯫᭠ ࠡ.   । -
⢨   奬 宪樨 , ,  饬 ॠ-
 䠪ᨬ쭮 ।  ४樨 V.34;
       - ⥫ .  ४樨  ࠫ
  ᪮ । 200 /,  ࠧ  
६ 㯫⭥   ଠ樮-ᨬ  ᭮-
 .     ᯮ짮  ᠬ  
 㦥 ଠ樥, ⠪   㤮 ,
 ⮣  㤥 뢠  .   -
 ᨭ஭ , , ᭮  祭 ⠭ 㭪
 .

       ⮣, 室 ᪠,  騬 ਭ樯
V.34  ࠢ  ⥬ 室  ஡ ⮩稢-
.  ᫥ ᯥ 易   ।⠢ ᮡ
ᨬ । 孮, ࣠筮 ࠢ訩  ᥡ ᫥
⨦ ⥮ਨ  ࠪ⨪ । .  . 3 
 ᪮쪨   ४樨 V.34  䮭 ⥮᪮
।     ᮩ 3100 .  ࠢ 窠
 ⥭樠 ࠪ⨪ ⮩稢  㣨
४権 . 室 筨,  ᮫ 祭 -
⭮襭 ᨣ/ SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)  業 -
ࠪ  ᮮ⢥ ⭮ 訡筮 ਥ 浪
10**(-4).

       祭, ⥫  ᪮쪮 ᫮ ᪠  
ॠ V.34. ᮥ , 騥  ᭮ ४-
樨, ॡ 让 ᫨⥫쭮 魮.  ᠬ ஬
業 [5], ந⥫쭮 ᨣ쭮   ,
㤮⢮饣 ४樨 V.34,   浪 40 MIPS, 
⨦, ਬ,  ୮ ⥬   TMS320C5X c
⠪⮢ ⮩ 40 . ࠢ騥 㭪樨   ,
ਬ,  ஫ ⨯ M68302  i386EX.

      ᪮   ਭ ४樨   
業 ᬥ⨫  ᪮  襭,   ॠ-
樨 䠪⨢ 㭪権  ।﫨 饩 ⭮
.    砫  ਢ쭠 ࠪ⮢ ਭ樯
 ४樨. 뢠 ⯥⮪   -ந-
⥫ 襢      짮⥫ , 
   १ ᨭ஭ ᫥⥫    
 V.34   ꥬ ⠪     㯭.
஬ ⮣, 稢  ४ 楫  ࢨ 㭪権,
  ⭮襭  ४樨, ⠪ ,   ᠭ樮-
஢ 㯠, 祢 㭪樨  ., ன 室  䮭
७० ॡﬨ ४樨. 筮 ᪠,  
 㡫樨 [5]    40 ⨯ ਩   ᮮ-
⢮ ४樨 .

       ࠧ 孨 ।  ᢨ⥫ 
⮬,   ଠ쭠 ,    饬  -
⢥⢨  몮  襭.   ᠬ ४樨 V.34
।⮨ ⥫  ࠧ  ᮢ襭⢮. ଠ AT&T
Paradyne 㦥 ⨫  COMSHARE 3800Plus  ᪮ 33600
/, 稢  ०,  V.34+,  ᢨ⥫  
௠  ४樨 - () V.34.


       
1. K.Krechmer. Renewed, Revitalized, Ready!, Data Communications
   International, June, 1991.
2. V.32 terbo. 19200 bit/s Full Duplex Modem for the General
   Switched Telephone Network Compatible with V.32 bis. Document
   Number: 3800-A2-GK21-00.
3. Draft Recommendation V.34. A Modem Operating at Data Signalling
   Rates of up to 28800 bit/s for Use on the General Switched
   Telephone Network and on Leased Point-to-Point 2-Wire
   Telephone-Type Circuits.
4. L.F.Wei. Trellis-Coded Modulation with Multidimensional
   Constellations, IEEE Trans., V.IT-33, N4, 1987.
5. K.M.Taylor. V.34 Modems: Watch the Fine Print, Data
   Communications International, Nov, 1994.
