
                           
                    
                             








           ࠫ 筮-᫥⥫᪨  裡
                             ()






                  
                                                           
         ..........................................
        1.   ..........................
        2.     
           ...........................................
        3.   .................
        4.  ""
                ..
        5.    ........................
        6.     ......................
        7.    ..............



             "...     ᯮ짮   
        ஢ । 裡  । ..."
                                       ⨢ 쬮   N 834
                                        15.03.91 .


             "... ࣠ ᯥ (䨪樮) ⠭
         ।  (),    䠪-,
        䠪ᨬ ,  ...      ..."
                                       ਪ N 151  10.04.92.  
                                       " 䨪樨 孨 裡"

              饩  ஢  ⢥ 뭪 -
        .  ४樨  롮    짮⥫,
        ⠪   , 㯠 㡥 . ਢ ⠪ -
        祭 , 襤 䨪樮 ⠭  ࠫ-
         筮-᫥⥫᪮  裡 (),  ࠧ'-
         孨᪨ ࠪ⨪  .
                த ਨ 㤮, ᪠
         ',  饭  孨.
              ࢮ  "㪮⢮  ᯫ樨  Hayes-ᮢ-
        ⨬  2400 bps" ᮤন ࠧ⮥ ᠭ Hayes--
        , 祭 -   MNP -   ४樨   ਬ-
        .




             ⠪ ⥫䮭:   165-66-66,
                                    165-50-47,
                                    165-96-11.







             

               裡    饩 ᪮ ⥫쭮 㤠-
        ⢥, ⨢  ᮢ ।⨩,  ⠪  ࠭-
          , 稭   ॡ  ।  
        㥬  裡  ⢥    饣  짮
        ( ).  ᪨  䥪, ⨣  ⮬, 祢.
        ⭥ ᯮ짮 㥬   㡥 ⢥ত-
         ᪠.
             㥬  ⥫䮭    㯥  । 
        ,    ⥫䮭 .
              㡥, ᬮ  ࠧ⨥ ஢ ⥩ 裡, ।-
        ⠢  ஢   , த  騢
        ।      㥬 ⥫䮭 , 
        ⠪ -  ஢    砭 .
             㥬  ᪨ 䥪⨢    짮-
        ⥫,    ꥬ । ଠ樨  ॡ ⥫-
             ᮪ 筮  ⠢ ଠ樨.
              ⠭ ᮥ,   ,  -
        ⭮, ⥫ ,   ॢ  ६  -
         ଠ樨.  室 筮 ⠢ ଠ樨 -
        㥬  ਣ.
              ᥬ  ⮢⥫ﬨ  㤥 讥 
        襭 ᪮ ।    裡  ६-
          ᯥ祭  ᮪  ⮢୮ ।. ᮪ ᪮
        । ᪨ 룮  짮⥫  -  -
        室   ।  ꥬ ଠ樨, ⠪   -
        樨  裡 -    ६  . 
          ६  㡥 ᪠ ப     
         ᪮⥩  300  14400 /.
              ᫥ ⨫⨥ 뫨 ࠧࠡ⠭  ⮤ -
        樨  ஢ ࠡ⪨ ᨣ   ( ⨢ ४,
        宪, ᢥ筮 ஢  ஢)  
        䥪⨢ ᯮᮡ ॠ樨    ᨣ ய-
        ஢  㣨  ஭, ⨯ 䨫஢  ४砥-
         .  ਩ ந⢥ 뫨 ᢮ ᯥ樠-
        ஢   ,  ⠪ ᮪ந⥫ ஢
        ᨣ (),   ᮧ  ᮢ襭
        , 騥 訥 , , ࣮ॡ, ⮨
         訥 ॡ⥫᪨ ࠪ⨪.
              ⮣,  ᫥   ९稫 㭪  -
        襭  ୮ ।  ⥬ ᯮ짮 ⮤ -
        筮 ஢.
             ⭮⥫쭮     ⮪ ᦠ ,
        騥 ⥫쭮  䥪⨢ ᪮ ।.
             , , ᮢ६  㦥 ""   -
        㤮  (), ਬ,  ,    ..  "⥫-
        㠫"  ⮪.   ⮪ ᯮ  ᭮ 
        ⠯ ⠭ ᮥ.






             1.  

             1.1.   ᪮ ।  ⨯ ,
         ண  ।祭(७  㥬). 
        ᯥ祭 ᮢ⨬  ࠧ ⮢⥫  㭠த-
         ⨢ ⮬  ⥫䮭  ⥫䨨() ࠧ-
        ࠡ⠭ 㭠த 樨 ਨ V.  樨
          ⠭⠬,  ࠪ᪨  ந⥫ 
         ᫥.
               ⠡ 1 ਢ ᭮ ࠪ⨪   ࠧ-
         ᪮  ᮮ⢥騥  権,   -
         孨᪨ ॡ  .  ⮬  ਭ  ᫥騥
        ᫮  祭  ⮤ 樨:  - ⭠ ;
        ,  - ⭠(4-樮), ⭠(8-樮)
        ⭮⥫쭠 䠧 , ᮮ⢥⢥; n- -  "n"--
        樮 ୠ 㤭 .  ⠡ 1 㪠 -
        ࠬ , ।祭  ।   -
         ⥫䮭  饣 짮()   -
            ७ ⥫䮭 ().
              1.2. ।   ⢫ ॡ⥫ﬨ ⮫쪮
         ᯮ짮  ⨯ ᪨ ⠭,  ᯥ譮
        諨 室 䨪樮 ⠭  祭  "-
         孨᪨ । ।  ⥫ࠡ⪨ , ࠧ-
        襭  ਬ   ".
              ⠭, 室  祭 孨᪨ । -
        ।   " ..." ஢  ⢥ত -
        ⢮ 裡 ⨯ ணࠬ.
              ணࠬ ।ᬠਢ ஢ઠ ᫥ ᪨
         㭪樮 ࠬ஢:
             - । ॣ㫨஢ ஢ । ᨣ ;
             - । ࠡᯮᮡ   ஢ ਭ
        ᨣ ;
             - 室  室 ᮯ⨢, 樥 ࠦ 
        ⮭쭮 ᯥ ;
             - 室 ᮯ⨢ ﭭ ⮪  ࠧ ०
        ࠡ (⮫쪮  㥬 );
             - 堭 ᨬਨ 室  室 楯  ⭮襭
         ;
             - ࠬ   (⮫쪮  㥬 );
             - ⢨  ⥫䮭    ⠭,
        㤥ঠ  ࠧ' ᮥ (⮫쪮  㥬 -
        );
             - ᮢ⨬  騬  ⥫䮭  ⥬
        ਯ᭮ ᨣ樨 (⮫쪮  㥬 );
             - ⢮ ।    裡.

                                                           1

      Ŀ
       ।  50-   600-    1200-  600-         1200- 
      , /      300   1200    2400   1200   2400  2400  
      Ĵ
       樨                          
                                       16-                    
      Ĵ
        裡                         
                                                           
      Ĵ
       ࠡ       㯫. 㯫.   㯫.  /. 㯫. /.
      Ĵ
       ४      -    .   ⮬. .  . . 
      Ĵ
        V.21  V.22    V.22bisV.23   V.26 V.26bis
      


                                                 த ⠡.1

      Ŀ
      1200   4800 2400   4800  2400  4800   12000  19200  
      ।稳2400        4800   7200  4800  7200   14400         
      ,                    9600  9600  9600                 
      /                                  12000                
                                             14400                
      Ĵ
       -         16-  128-128-160-M
      樨                  16-                     
                                       32-                     
      Ĵ
          KKC                           
      Ĵ
         㯫.  㯫./㯫.㯫. 㯫. 㯫.  㯫.  㯫.  
      ࠡ                                                      
      Ĵ
       -⮬. .⮬. ⮬.⮬.⮬. ⮬. ⮬. 
      ४                                                     
      Ĵ
      -                                                    
                                                             
         V.26terV.27 V.27terV.29  V.32  V.32bisV.33    -     
      

      ਬ砭.  த ࠡ  ᮧ 樨  
                   ᪮ 19200 /.



             2.      .

             2.1. ଠ⨢ , ॣ騥 冷 ᯮ짮-
         ⥫䮭   । 
             ᭮묨 ଠ⨢묨 㬥⠬,  ।騬 -
         ᯮ짮 饣㤠⢥  裡 ()   -
             ।塞  裡 ॡ  孨᪨
        ।⢠ । , :
             - 㪮騩 孨᪨ ਠ  浪 ।⠢ 
        ᯮ짮    । ;
             - ॡ  ᪨ ⠭   ⬮ -
        ⢨  㥬묨 ﬨ  (㪮騩  孨᪨
        ਠ);
             -  孨᪨ । ।    ⥫ࠡ⪨
        , ࠧ襭  ਬ   ;
             -  25007-81.   1 ⥬ । .  ࠬ
        ᮯ殮;
             -  26557-85.  । , 㯠騥  -
         裡. ࣥ᪨ ࠬ;
             -  20768-75. ன⢮ ⮬᪮ 맮 -.
          ᭮ ࠬ;
             -  20855-83. ன⢠ ८ࠧ ᨣ 
        ।   㥬  㥬  ⮭-
         .   ᭮ ࠬ.
             ஬ ⮣,  롮 ( ᮧ) 孨᪨ । -
        ।   ࠡ,  ⭮,   ⥫䮭 ⨯
        ⥫쭮 室 㪮⢮ ﬨ ਨ  V
        㭠த ⨢   ⥫䮭  ⥫䨨
        () "।   ⥫䮭 ".
                ᭮ ,  ।  㬥-
        ,  ॣ  ।    ⥫䮭-
         ⨯ 饣㤠⢥ .
             2.2. ।   ।⠢:
              - 㥬  ⥫䮭        "-
        ";
              - 㥬 ⥫䮭 .
             ᬮ७   ॡ⥫,  襭   ᮢ
        ।⠢  ॡ㥬  ⢫ ।ﬨ -
        த᪮ ⥫䮭   묨, ࠥ묨, 㡫᪨
        ந⢥-孨᪨  ࠢﬨ  裡   ⮬ 孨-
        ᪮ .
             祭   ⠭  ॡ⥫ (-
        ⮢,  ७஢)  ⠭ ஢ । ⢫, 
        ࠢ, ।⠢⥫ﬨ ।⨩ 裡.
             ᪨ ⠭ ।    -
             "" ஢묨 ᪨ ﬨ.
         ⤥    ""  祭   -
        ஢ 奬.
             㥬   ।⠢     
        ஢ 奬.
             㥬   ⥫䮭 ⥩ ।⠢ 
        ।   ⢥묨 ⥫ﬨ,  ਭ묨  ⥫-
        䮭  裡.  ਥ  ⢮ ।    
        ࠭஢   ᮥ.  ⥭  ⢮ ।
           ਭ  ଠ쭮 宦 ⥫䮭 ࠧ-
        .
             । ,    ࠢ,   ⢫  ᪮-
          1200 /   ,  2400 /   ""
          ᪮  9600 /  㥬 .
             ஢ । 魮 ᨣ  室   -
        稪  ᪮  ⠭  ।   ⠭-
          ᨬ  堭 ᪮ (ᮥ⥫쭮) -
          ⠪  ࠧ,  ⮡  窥 㫥 ⭮⥫쭮 ஢
          ।⭠ 魮  ॢ蠫 50    -
        㥬 ,  32  (  ᪮   2400 /)  50
         ( ᪮  2400 /)  㥬 , 
        ।ᮢ  魮    ॢ蠫 32     (32
         ᮮ⢥ ஢ - 15, 50    ᮮ⢥ ஢
        13 ).
              ⢮ ।  ⢥ ﭨ 뢠
        ᫥騥  ⥩ 裡:
             - 稥  ᪨ (ᮥ⥫)   
         , ਢ饥  १ ᭨ ஢ ।饣  ਥ-
         ᨣ;
             - 稥  ⥬ । ⥫䮭 ⠭権 ⨯ ""
         ,   ᪠   ᨭ஭樨;
        稥  ⥬ ।  -蠣 ⮬-
          ⥫䮭 ⠭権, ஦   .



              3.   

              3.1. ।    ஢ ⥫䮭 (
           ࠢ쭮 뢠 -   ஢ 砭-
        ) ⢫  ᯮ짮   ᫥ ⮤:
             - । ।      ࠢ(-
                ०);
             - ६ ।   ࠢ ⮤ ⭮-
                 ࠧ ࠢ (㯫 ०: ᨬ
                ᨬ -  ᨬ   ࠢ⢠   ࠢ-
               ⢠ ᪮⥩ ।   ࠢ);
             - ६  ।       
               ࠢ    ਥ ࠦ ᨣ  ᮡ-
               ⢥ ।稪 ⮤ 宪樨 (⠪ 㯫
               ०).
                  ॠ樨   䥪⨢ 
        ᯮ짮  裡  ⮤ । ।, ..
        ।  ⮫쪮   ࠢ,      
        ६    ᬥ ࠢ ।.  ⮤ ਬ 
         ᪮ ।(.⠡.1).  ᢮  ᮪ ᪮-
        ⥩   ࣠樨   ⮣ ⮤ ᥢ-
        㯫᭮ ।( 㯫 筮 㤮 ) - ..
        ⮤ "ping-pong".
               ६  । (㯫᭠ ।)  ⠫
        ᯮ짮 ⮤ ⭮ ࠧ - ⠭    Bell -
        103  (᪮  300 /, 212A(᪮ 1200 /)  
        V.22 (. ⠡.1). - 㦥    ।    ⮬
        ⮤  ਬ,  ਬ,   ᪮ 1200/2400 /,
        樮 ..  ⮩稢 ⮤ 樨. -
        ⮬  ⮤ ࠧ ࠢ । 襫  ਬ
          ᪮   2400 /.  V.22bis ⠫ 䠪-
        ᪨ ⠭⮬  ᪮ । 2400 /.  室
        ⠪  ਬ ࠧ  ⮤ ࠧ ࠢ-
         - ᨬ 㯫.  饥 ६   ᬠਢ-
         ஥ 樨 (Vasym)      ᪮    14400
        /     600 /  ⭮ .
             䥪⨢,  ᠬ ᫮    ॠ樨,    ⮤
        ᯥ祭  㯫᭮ ࠡ   宪樨.  ⮬ -
        ਠ  ।   ࠢ  ᯮ    
            裡    ⮬  ⮩稢  
        ᪮ ⮤ 樨.  ⮤ ॣ -
        ﬨ V.26ter(2400 /)  V.32 (9600 /).   ,  ᮮ-
        騥  樨  V.32, 뫨 ᮧ  1985.,   ⥬
        ࠭  饥 ६  ०   㣨  -
        .
                 樨 V.26ter  稫 ࠪ᪨ -
        ࠭.  砫쭮 ⠯  뫮 맢 ७樥 -
          樨 V.22bis,    襢   ⮢-
        ⥫.   饥 ६   樨 V.26ter,  -
        䥪⨢(  ᯮ 樮 ⮤ 樨 ),
          ॠ  筮,   㡥   ਬ-
           - ᮢ⨬   稢訬 ப ࠭
         饬 ६ ⨯  ,  ਬ,      
         V.22bis  V.32.
             ᭮  ࠪ⨪    饥 ६
         㡥  ਢ .
             3.2.    樨 V.22bis ᯮ 16--
            (2400 /)  (1200 /).  ࠢ
        । ⨣   ࠧᥭ  ᯥ஢  ।  
        ਭ  ᨣ( 騥  1200  2400 ). ਬ
        樮 ᨣ쭮 ࠭⢠ ᫠  室-
          筮 ନ஢ ᯥ ᨣ  ।, ਬ
        ᮪筮 ⨢ ४ ᪠  ᨣ    ⥬
        ⮬᪮ ॣ㫨஢ ᨫ  ਥ.
            稥 ⮣ ४ 맢 ⠪ ⥬,  稭 ᪠-
          ࠪ⨪  裡 ࠭ ⭠. -
         ᯮ짮 ४砥 ४ 㤭- -
        ࠥ⨪ ᪮ .  䨫ࠬ  । -
        筮 ⪨  ⨢稢 ॡ.   ஭, -
         ᯥ ࠢ୮ 㤭-⭮ ࠪ⨪
         ࠪ⨪ 㯯 ६ ।, ,  㣮 ஭,
        ॡ ஥ ⠭ 堭   ন 
         ᨣ ᮡ⢥ ।稪.
             樥 ।ᬠ७ ஥筠 , 
         । ᪮ (1200  2400 /)  
        ந ⨢ ⥬ .
             3.3.    樨  V.32 ᯮ
        16-樮 (᪮ 9600 /)  (᪮ 4800 /)
         ᪮ 樨  2400  .  ᨣ  ࠪ-
        ᪨    .   ᨣ ᮡ⢥-
         ।稪   ᯮ ⨢ -
        ().
             -    ᠬ ᫮ ,  蠥-
            . -ᨣ() 筮 ⮨   ⮢:
         , ⥫쭮 ॢ饣  ᨣ,    쭥
        ,    訩 ஢,    প  -
        쪨   2(  ⭨ ),  ⠪ -  ᤢ  
        .    १,      ਬ୮ 
        50-60 ,  쭨  -  30-40 ,    樥  প,
        ᤢ     䠧.  ⮬   -
        稢  ᮪ 筮 樨    ६ ன-
        .
                 㭪権 ॠ   ⨢
        , ।⠢饣 ⨢ ஢ 䨫, ନ騩  ᨣ
        樨. 襥 ࠭ 稫   ᯮ짮-
          ⮤  ⥩ , 騥  ਬ ५樨
        ঠ । ᨣ  ਭ ᨣ  ନ-
          ਥ 饣 ࠧ     ⠭    
        ਭ⮣ ᨣ.
              ⨦ ᮪ ⮢୮ ।  ⭮⥫쭮
         ⮩稢 ⮤ 樨     -
         ⮥ ஢.   ஢  ᨣ쭮
        ࠭⢮  㢥稢    32  権(᪮ । 9600
        /).  ⮬   ஢ ⨣ ⥫쭮 -
        襭 ⮩稢,  ⠭ ᮨਬ   -
        ⮩稢   樨 V.22bis.
             樥  ।  ஥ 権, ।-
          ࢨ筮   宦  .  樨
        ᯥ稢  ன ⮬᪨ ⥬;  ⮬-
          ।  ᪮ ࠡ,  ⮣ ஢,
        稭 প .
             ਬ ⮣ ஢  鸞 ᫮ ⮬-
         ⥬ ॣ㫨஢  ࠡ⪨ ᨣ   䠪,
          ⮣   ᠬ묨 ᫮묨  , ந-
          ਬ   .
             3.4.    , 騥   裡, ਢ 
        訡  । .  訡  ॠ  -
            ப ।  ⨣  訡  10-100
        । ⮢. 㭪   訡 믮﫠 筮 
         ᫨⥫ ᮢ  ,  ⥬ ᮧ  ᯥ樠-
            - ன   訡. 稥 ⥫쭮
        ⮪ 訡, 饣    ࠡ    㥬  ,
        ⠢    㭪     訡  ⠫ 㭪樨 2
        ஢ ⠫  裡   ⥬  ।-
           ,  ᢮    㭪権   㤥-
          ६ 襭 ᭮ .
               । 80- .     樨  V.22bis
        砫  ப  ਬ ⮪   訡 MNP (Microcom
        Networking Protocol)   Microcom().  筮  ப
        ࠭  ⮪ HDLC,  ⮪ ।ᬠਢ -
        㦥 訡   筮     -
        筮 ਭ  ଠ樨.  ப ᯮ짮,
         ⮪ ॢ⨫  䠪᪨ 㭠த  ஬諥
        ⠭ 襭 ୮ ।  .
             ᬮ  ,  ⢥ ᭮ ⮪   ᢮
        樨 V.42  ࠭ 㣮 ⮪ - LAP-M ( Link
        Access Protocol for Modems ).  ஫  ⮬ 롮 ࠫ
        ᮢ⨬ ⮪ LAP-M  ⮪   ⭮ -
        樥 X.25(LAP-B)  ஢  ⥣ࠫ쭮 㦨
         (LAP-D). ⮪ MNP,  ਭ  ⢥ ୠ-
        ⨢  饭  ਫ  樨 V.42.
               ࠧ,    ᮮ⢥⢨  樨 V.42  
         ६ ᯮ짮  㪠 ⮪,   ᮢ-
        ⨬    樥 ⨣ ਬ   
        ⮪.  ⮪ ।  ॠ 㭪樨  
          訡, ⠪  㣨 㭪樨 ஢ 2: ⠭  ४-
         訡ࠢ饣 ᮥ,     . 冷 -
        ⥫  ᯮ ।⢥ ⮪ LAP-B,
             ன⢠ ᡮન/ࠧન  -
        ⮢ PAD  ॠ ( ᮮ⢥⢨  樥 V.110
        )  ⢨ ⮢ ⥫䮭     -
        ⭮ 樥 X.25.
             ⮪ MNP 뢭 ࠧ,   饥 ६ -
         10 ᮢ ⮣ ⮪. 稭   5,
        ⮪ ॠ 㭪 ᦠ .   4 ਬ 
        ⮤: ⨢    (Adaptive Packet
        Assembling)  ⨬ 䠧  (Data Phase Optimization) .
         ⭮⥫쭮  ᪠   裡   -
        ⠢ 256 ⮢,    ᪠ 㬥蠥  32 -
        ⮢. ⮪ MNP   1   4, ⥫쭮, 
        ⮪ 饣 짮,   5 - 業 ( 業 -
        業 2500 ஢ ).  ᮪  ⮪ (  6  10)
          業.  饥 ६ ࠧࠡ⠭ 楫
          ⮪   訡, ⠪  PEP, X.PC, CAS,
        EFS  . ਬ, ⮪ X.PC ᯥ稢 ६
        㦨  15 ᮥ    ਬ  ⥢
        ࢥ ⥩  ⥪ன "-ࢥ".
             3.5.⨥ ,   ⮩  訡,  ⮩
        㭪樥,  ன    ⥫쭮 
         䥪⨢ , ⥬ ᠬ, த  ⢮  ⠯
        室   ஢ . ਭ樯 ᦠ  ᭮
         祭 । ⮪ , । 
        १ ⮪  ।   १ ᯥ樠쭮 ନ-
          ⪨ -⥫. ਬ,  ।
        ᪮ ଠ樨, ࠧ ࠭ ᯫ  . . 
         த  (-୮).  ।  ᠬ
        ⮢ ,     ( ୮) .
             ⨥  ᭮  ᠬࠨ饩, ⨢ -
        楤.  ⮬  ।  ਥ ᮧ  ᪨ -
          ࠢ筨 㪠 -⥫.   -
         ஭ ⮪  "ࠧ" ⭮ 楤ன. -
         ,  ⮤ ᦠ  .  ⭮, 
        ਬ    䠪ᨬ쭮 孨,  ணࠬ-娢 .
        ⥫쭮 ᦨ ⥪⮢, ᪨ . 砩  -
        ⮪ , ⢥, ᦨ.
               ६  ⮪ MNP,  5  7, ⠫ 䠪᪨
        ஬諥 ⠭⮬  ᦠ⨥   ,   -
         ।⥫쭮 樨 V.42 bis ਭ ⮤ ᦠ 
        BTLZ, ࠧࠡ⠭  British Telecom. 稭
        ⮣ 롮,ᤥ ᫥  楫 鸞 ୠ⨢
        ⮤, ,   ஭ ,  ⮤ ॠ  
        樨 V.42, ,  㣮 ஭,  ⮤  ᮪ -
        䥪⨢  ॡ 让 ந⥫쭮 . -
        祬  2 ਠ ॠ樨 ⮤: ண  ᫮.
         ⮤ ᯥ稢  ᮪ ⥯ ᦠ ଠ樨.
              ᯮ짮  ਠ⮢ ⮤ ॡ 㯪 -
        業, ⠪   ॠ樨 ⥭⮢ .
              १  ࠢ⥫  ᫥  䥪⨢
        㪠  ⮤  ᦠ.     ⠭⭮ ⮢
        㤮   㥬     ᪠ﬨ  뫨
        ⠭  12    ࠧ ⮢⥫  ࠧ 
        । (⥪, 䨪, ணࠬ   .).  砥
        樥  ᦠ  ⮤ BTLZ 뫨 ᥣ , 祬 
        ⮪ MNP,  5,  ᮯ⠢  १⠬   ⮪
        MNP,    7,      .  ⮬ ॠ쭠
        ᪮ । ଠ樨 ⠢﫠  6000  9000  /  
          ᪮ 2400 /. ਬ ᦠ   ,
        ᮮ⢥  樨  V.32,   䠪
        ᪮ ।    ଠ樨  38400 /.
