
 V.42

		     ,
		 - 

				(, 1988)



	㭠த ⨢   䨨  䮭
(CCITT),

,
	(a)  ᯮ짮 ᮪᪮  ன ।
 (DCE)  । ᨭ஭   㥬 ⥫䮭
 裡 (GSTN) ;
	(b)   ॡ  襭 ।⠢ 訡 
⠪ ᮥ ।⢮ ᯮ짮 訡४饣 ⮪;
	(c)   室 ࠡ ᮢ⭮  DCE, 
ন騬  ⮪,

,
	 楤 ४樨 訡,  ᪮ ࠧ⨥ DCE,
ᯮ ᨭ஭-ᨭ஭ ८ࠧ, ஡ । 
⮩ 樨.

			

1	 ਬ
	1.1	騥 
	1.2	⭮襭  㣨 㭠த ⠭⠬

2	।

3	ॢ

4	⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ

5	 楯, থ ४樨 訡

6	 㭪樮஢ 訡४饣 DCE
	6.1	騥 
	6.2	 㭪樮 ࠢ
	6.3	 㭪樮 ஫ 訡
	6.4	  㭪樮 ࠢ  㭪樮 ஫
		訡

7	 㭪樮 ࠢ
	7.1	᪨ handshake ("㪮⨥")
	7.2	 ⠭ ⮪ ४樨 訡
	7.3	। 
	7.4	। ᨣ ࠧ뢠 (break)
	7.5	ਥ break
	7.6	ᮢ/ 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫
		楤
	7.7	ࠢ 室  訡४饣 ᮥ
	7.8	楢 

8	 㭪樮 ஫ 訡: 楤 LAPM
	8.1	騥 
	8.2	 楤  ଠ  LAPM
	8.3	⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ
	8.4	। 짮⥫᪨ , ਭ  䥩 V.24
	8.5	饭  ᪫⥫    ࠢ
	8.6	। 짮⥫᪮ ࠢ饩 ଠ樨
	8.7	ࠢ 室  訡४饣 ᮥ
	8.8	ﭨ " ᮥ"
	8.9	⮫ 㬥஢   ⢥⮢
	8.10	ᮢ/ 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫
		楤
	8.11	楢 
	8.12	㭪樨 ᫥
	8.13	। break

9	⥬ ࠬ
	9.1	ࠬ 㭪樮 ࠢ
	9.2	ࠬ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡

10	ᮢ 易⥫ 楤

11	 㭪樮 ࠢ  ᮡ

12	஢ ଠ樮 
	12.1	ଠ樮   I 
	12.2	ଠ樮   XID 
	12.3	ଠ樮   UI 
	12.4	ଠ樮   TEST 

 A	-  㭪樮 ஫ 訡 - ୠ⨢
		  楤
 B	-  ८ࠧ ᨬ ଠ⮢  8- ଠ
ਫ I	- ⢨  訡४騬 DCE
ਫ II	- ᫮ ⮢   ।
ਫ III	- ४ 뫪  ﬨ CCITT Q.920  Q.921
ਫ IV	- , ।騥 ६ ⢥ত
ਫ V	- ⥭樠 襭 ⮪ LAPM


1	 

1.1	騥 

	  뢠 ⮪ ४樨 訡 
ᯮ짮  㯫 DCE V-਩, ਭ -⮯  
DTE (ନ, ஢)  ।騥   ᨭ஭ ०.
ᯮ짮  ⮪  㯫 DCE  ।
쭥 ᫥.

	 ᮤন ⮪ ⨯ HDLC, 뢠  쭥襬
楤 吝 㯠  , LAPM (Link Access Procedure for
Modems). ஬ ⮣, ୠ⨢ 楤 ᠭ   A.

	 - DCE, ॠ騥 ⮪, ᠭ   A, -
쭮 ࠭.

	⢥⢨ ⮩ 樨 ॡ  襭 DCE
ॠ樨  ⮪. , ᫨ 짮⥫᪨ ﬨ 
। ,  DCE, 㤮⢮ V.42,  뢠, ᯮ
LAPM. DCE, 㤮⢮騩 V.42, 뢠騩  맢 
ன⢮,  ஬ ॠ ⮫쪮 ⮪   A, 
뢠, ᯮ  ⮪.

	CCITT ७  쭥襬    ⮪ LAPM.
 ⥬  쭥襣 祭 ᫥  ਫ V. ,
७   쭥襬 ⮪, ।   A, .

	᭮ ࠪ⨪ ⮪ ᫥騥:
	a) ⢨  DCE V-਩  訡४饬 ०,
           ஥ 砥 ᨭ஭-ᨭ஭ ८ࠧ 
           ᮮ⢥⢨  樥 V.14;
	b) 㦥 訡   ᯮ짮 横᪮
           筮 ஫ (CRC-஢);
	c) ४ 訡   ⮬᪮  ।
           ;
	d) ᨭ஭ । ଠ樨 ।⢮ ८ࠧ
	   -⮯ ;
	e) 樠  (砫 handshake)  -⮯
           ଠ,    ࠧ뢠 裡  DTE.


1.2	⭮襭  㣨 㭠த ⠭⠬

	⮪ ४樨 訡, ।  ᭮  ⮩
樨,   ᠭ  ନ ଠ⮢  楤
᮪஢ ࠢ  ।  (HDLC - High-level Data
Link Control).  ⭮,  짮 ஢ ᨭ஭
ᮬ (BAC - Balanced Asynchronous Class) 楤 HDLC. ᭮ ०
(..  権) ⮣ ⮪ ᯮ 1, 2, 4, 7, 8  10
"易⥫ 㭪" HDLC. ( ० ᮮ⢥  Q.920/
Q.921 CCITT).  ᯮ짮 易⥫ 楤  ⮪
४樨 訡,  HDLC  "易⥫ 㭪樨" 3 (
롮筮 ୮ ।), 12 ( 楢 )  14 (
32-⭮ FCS).


2	

	⮪ ४樨 訡   ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮ 
८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ  ᮧ 訡४饣 DCE.


2.1	DCE

	 ࠬ  樨, DCE, ᫨  ⥫
筥, ⮨   ᭮ ⥩. ᯮ 吝 楯 
⢫ 䥩  DTE  ᨣ ८ࠧ⥫  ।
ଠ樨  ⥫䮭 楯. 㭪樮 ࠢ ᯮ 
ᯥ祭 짮⥫᪮ 䥩   न樨 ࠡ 吝
楯  ᨣ쭮 ८ࠧ⥫.  DCE   . 1/V.42.

	a) DTE  묨  DCE १ 䥩 V.24. 
           㯠  -⮯ ଠ.
	b) ८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ ᯥ稢   
	   ᨣ, 㯠  GSTN (㥬 ⥫䮭 )
             ஢ 뤥  - ᮥ ⨯
           "窠-窠".
	c) 㭪樮 ࠢ ᯥ稢 ᥮騩 ஫  न
	    ⮢ DCE. ⥫쭮, 㭪樮 ᯥ稢
	   ᯥ ࠡ 䨣 DCE, ࠭ 짮⥫.
	   짮⥫᪨ 䥩  㭪樮   ⭮
	   ॠ樨.

                 Ŀ
                               㭪樮  ८ࠧ⥫
       DTE <>   䥩      ࠢ     ᨣ     <> GSTN
                      V.24                                    
                 

				. 1/V.42
				   DCE


2.2	訡४騩 DCE

	᪠  訡४饣 DCE  
. 2/V.42. 㭪樮 ஫ 訡 ॠ ⮪ ४樨
訡, ᠭ   樨.

               Ŀ
                                㭪樮                
Async DTE <> 䥩ᠳ㭪樮  ஫  ८ࠧ⥫ <> GSTN
                  V.24   ࠢ   訡      ᨣ    
                                   Ĵ               
               

				. 2/V.42
			   訡४騩 DCE


3.	

	 ⮩ 樨 ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ॢ:

	ADP	 㦥 ⢥饣 (Answerer detection pattern)
	C/R	 /⢥ (Command/response bit)
	CRC	᪨  ஫ (Cyclic redundance check)
	DCE	筮 ன⢮ ।  (Data
		circuit-terminating equipment)
	DISC	"४ ᮥ" () (Disconnect (frame))
	DLCI	䨪 ᮥ  ।  (Data link
		connection identifier)
	DM	" ⢨ ᮥ" () (Disconnected mode
		(frame))
	DTE	ନ (Data terminal equipment)
	FCS	஫쭠 ᫥⥫쭮  (Frame check sequence)
	FI	䨪 ଠ (Format identifier)
	FRMR	"⢥࣭ " () (Frame reject (frame))
	GI	䨪 㯯 (Group identifier)
	GL	 㯯 (Group length)
	GSTN	㥬 ⥫䮭  (General switched telephone
		network)
	HDLC	᮪஢ ࠢ  ।  (⮪)
		(High-level data link control (protocol))
	I	"ଠ" () (Information (frame))
	LA	"⢥ত" ( ୠ⨢ 楤 ४樨
		訡) (Link acknowledgement (frame of the alternative
		error-correcting procedure))
	LAPM	楤 吝 㯠   (Link access
		procedure for modems)
	LD	"ࢠ " ( ୠ⨢ 楤 ४樨
		訡) (Link disconnect (frame of the alternative
		error-correcting procedure))
	LN	"饭" ( ୠ⨢ 楤 ४樨 訡)
		(Link attention (frame of the alternative error-correcting
		procedure))
	LNA	"⢥ত 饭" ( ୠ⨢ 楤
		४樨 訡) (Link attention acknowledgment (frame of
		the alternative error-correcting procedure))
	LR	" 裡" ( ୠ⨢ 楤 ४樨
		訡) (Link request (frame of the alternative
		error-correcting procedure))
	LT	"।" ( ୠ⨢ 楤 ४樨 訡)
		(Link transfer (frame of the alternative error-correcting
		procedure))
	ODP	 㦥 뢠饣 (Originator detection pattern)
	P/F	/⢥ () (Poll/Final (bit))
	PI	䨪 ࠬ (Parameter identifier)
	PL	 ࠬ (Parameter length)
	PV	祭 ࠬ (Parameter value)
	REJ	"⪠" () (Reject (frame))
	RNR	" ਥ  ⮢" () (Receive not ready (frame))
	RR	" ਥ ⮢" () (Receive ready (frame))
	SABME	"⠭ ७ ᨭ஭ ᡠ஢ ०"
		() (Set asynchronous balanced mode extended (frame))
	SREJ	"롮 ⪠" () (Selective reject (frame))
	UA	"㬥஢ ⢥ত" () (Unnumbered
		acknowledgement (frame))
	UI	"㬥஢ ଠ" () (Unnumbered information
		(frame))
	XID	"䨪 " () (Exchange identification
		(frame))


4	  

	,  ஬ ࠡ⠥ ⮪ ४樨 訡 DCE,
⠭   䠧. 砫 ⠭ 䨧᪮ ᮥ
 묨 ८ࠧ⥫ﬨ ᨣ,  ।
ᮮ⢥騬 ﬨ ਨ V. ᫥ ⮣,  䨧᪮
ᮥ 뫮 ⠭, ᨣ ८ࠧ⥫ 室  ०
.

	訡४騥 DCE  ᯥ稢 堭 ࠧ襭 
 ⠭ ⮪ ४樨 訡.  堭  
ᯮ짮  ,   ⪠ ⠭ ⮪ ४樨
訡 蠥 ࠡ 㤠 DTE,   ४ 訡  DCE 
ॡ,     㦤 (, ਬ,   ,  DTE
ᯥ稢 ᮪஢ ஫ 訡). ᮡ 樨஢ 
४ ࠡ ⮪ ४樨 訡 ᨬ  䨧᪮
ᮥ (..  䨧᪮ ᮥ 㦥 ⠭,   
 ࠭)   ᯥ祭 樮쭮,  न  ६
 樠樨 ⮪ , 祬   ⠭ ᫥
⨦ 䨧᪮ ᮥ,   ।⮬  樨.

	᫨ ⠭ ⮪ ४樨 訡 ࠧ襭,  ᫥ ⮣,
 ८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ   ० , ᮮ⢥騥
㭪樮 ஫ 訡 ⠭ 訡४饥 ᮥ.


5	 ,   

	থ 楯 ᫥  . 1/V.42.

				. 1/V.42
		 楯, থ ४樨 訡

	Ŀ
	       No                     ᠭ                  
	Ĵ
	       103     ।                       
	       104     ਭ                        
	       106     ⮢  ।                    
	       109     ⥪  ᨣ   
	       133     ⮢  ਥ                      
	


	 㭪樮 ⮢ 訡४饣 DCE
  . 3/V.42.

                                        DCE
           Ŀ
                           V.42                                      
            ,---------------^--------------,                         
Ŀ 103  Ŀ     Ŀ TD  Ŀ 
     >                          >                  
      104               㭪樮    RD                    
     <Ĵ     /\    ஫    <Ĵ                  
               \/     訡      TDC                   
                            a)       <Ĵ                  
                                      RDC                   
                                     <Ĵ                  
      133                  ८ࠧ⥫  
 DTE >                                    ᨭ஭     
                Ŀ         ᨣ      
                                        RTS                   
                                       >                  
      106       㭪樮 ࠢ    RFS                   
     <ĴV.            b)             <Ĵ                  
      109  24                            RSD                   
     <Ĵ                             <Ĵ                  
            
           

a) . ࠣ 8   A.
b) . ࠣ 7.

				. 3/V.42
			, থ ஫ 訡


6	   DCE

6.1	騥 

	訡४饥 DCE,    . 2/V.42, ᮤন
 :
	a) 楯 䥩 V.24;
	b) ८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ;
	c) 㭪樮 ࠢ;
	d) 㭪樮 ஫ 訡.

	  ६       ⠪   DCE,
।⠢  . 1/V.42, 㭪樮 ࠢ 訡४饣
DCE  ७  ਬ  ࠢ  㭪樮
ࠢ 筮 DCE. ਬ, 㭪樮 ࠢ
訡४饣 DCE   ᯮᮡ ।,  
㤠 DCE 訡४騬  . 㭪樮 ஫ 訡
 ⮫쪮 訡४饬 DCE.

	 ࠣ 7 ਢ ⠫쭮 ᠭ 㭪樮 ࠢ. 
ࠣ 8   A ਢ ⠫ ᠭ ⮪ ४樨
訡   ⢨  㭪樮 ࠢ.

	 - 㭪樮쭮 ࠧ 訡४饣 DCE 
㭪樮 ࠢ  㭪樮 ஫ 訡, ⠪    ᠭ 
⢨,  ࠧ㬥 ᯥ樠쭮 ࠧ   ॠ樨.

	 ⠫쭮  ࠣ 6   㭪樮 ࠢ 
஫ 訡.


6.2	 㭪樮 ࠢ

	㭪樮 ࠢ   ⢥⢥  ᥮
न 㭪権  DCE.  ॠ樨 訡४饣 DCE,
㭪樮 ࠢ ⥫쭮 㤥 ⢥  ᫥騥 ᯥ
ࠡ:
	a) ஢ 砫쭮 "㪮" (handshake)  楫
	   ।,   㤠 DCE ⠪ 訡४騬
	    ᫥ V.42;
	b) 㯫  ०  ४樨 訡  ࠡ  DCE,
	   ⢫騬 ᨭ஭-ᨭ஭ ८ࠧ 
	   ᮮ⢥⢨  樥 V.14;
	c) न  ᮣᮢ / 樨 室
	   ࠬ஢;
	d) न  ᮣᮢ 易⥫ 楤;
	e) न ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ ᫥
	   ⠭ 䨧᪮ ᮥ  ᮮ⢥騬
	   訡४騬 DCE;
	f) न ।   䥩ᮬ V.24  㭪樮
	   ஫ 訡 ⠪, ⮡   ᫥⢨ ९
	    䥩 DTE/DCE  DCE/DCE   , ᪮쪮 
	    ( 砥  ᨬ, ਭ  䥩
	   V.24,  楫 ।, 訢  DTE ࠢ ⮪);
	g) ८ࠧ , ਭ  䥩 V.24  -⮯
	   ࠬ,  ଠ, ਣ  ᨭ஭ ।;
	h) ८ࠧ , ਭ  䥩 DCE/DCE  ᨭ஭
	   ଠ,  ।  䥩 V.24  -⮯ ;
	i) ࠡ⪠ break-ᨣ (஡), ਭ⮣  䥩 V.24,
	    ᨭ஭ ।;
	j) ࠡ⪠ 樨  break, ਭ⮩  䥩 DCE/DCE;
	k) न 楢 ;
	l) ᮣᮢ ࠬ஢, ᫨ ᫮  ; 
	m) 襭 訡४饣 ᮥ  ࠧ.


6.3	 㭪樮 ஫ 訡

	㭪樮 ஫ 訡   ⢥⢥  ࠡ
⮪,  ॠ 訡४饥 ᮥ. ⮪ 
 ᫥騬 㭪樮묨 ﬨ:
	a) ᮣᮢ /  ᮮ⢥ ࠡ ࠬ஢;
	b) ᮣᮢ 易⥫ 楤;
	c) ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ;
	d) ।  ਥ ;
	e) 㦥  ४ 訡;
	f) ।  ਥ break-ᨣ;
	g) 樠 楢 ஢  ॠ஢  ; 
	h) ࠢ 室  訡४饣 ᮥ.


6.4	  㭪樮 ࠢ  㭪樮 ஫ 訡

	  㭪樮 ࠢ  㭪樮 ஫ 訡
  ⢮ ࠪ ਬ⨢,  ।⠢
᪨  ଠ樥  ࠢ  믮  
㦨.  ⥪ ⮩ 樨 㭪樮 ࠢ 룫廊
 "",   ६  㭪樮 ஫ 訡 -  "⠢騪".

	 ଠ ਬ⨢ -
	X-NAME TYPE
:
	X	砥    ஭;
	NAME	砥 訢 ;
	TYPE	砥 樠 饭.

	 . 2/V.42 ।⠢ 㣨, 訢 㭪樮
ࠢ (.. 祭,   ਭ "NAME").

	  ⨯ ਬ⨢ ("TYPE"). :
	a) ਬ⨢ ,  뤠 "⮬"   
	   㦨;
	b) 樮 ਬ⨢,  뤠 "⠢騪" 
	   㢥 ""    㦨  ⢨,
	   樨஢ "⠢騪";
	c) ⢥⭠ ਬ⨢,  뤠 "⮬"  ⪫ 
	     㦨 (樨஢ 㤠 ஭);
	d) ਬ⨢ ⢥ত,  ᯮ  樨 ⮣,
	      㦨 믮.

				. 2/V.42
		㣨, 訢 㭪樮 ࠢ

Ŀ
                    㦨                      ਬ⨢  ࠣ
Ĵ
 ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ     L-ESTABLISH  7.2.2  
 ⨢묨 訡४騬 ꥪ⠬                        
Ĵ
 ।                                      L-DATA       7.3    
                                                                         
Ĵ
 襭 訡४饣 ᮥ         L-RELEASE    7.2.2, 
                                                                  7.7    
Ĵ
 । break-ᨣ                              L-SIGNAL     7.4,   
                                                                  7.5    
Ĵ
 ᮢ/ 祭 ࠬ஢         L-SETPARM    7.6    
 易⥫ 楤                                                 
Ĵ
 ஢ 楢                     L-TEST       7.8    
 訡४騬 ꥪ⠬                                         



7	  

	 ࠣ 6.2 ਢ  㭪樮 ࠢ.  ࠧ
⠫ ࠡ 㭪樮 ࠢ,  楫 ࠢ ᥬ
䠧 ࠡ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡.


7.1	᪨ handshake

	楤  ⠭ 䨧᪮ ᮥ ᠭ 
ᮮ⢥  V-ਨ. ᫥ ⮣,  䨧᪮ ᮥ
⠭, 㭪樮 ࠢ   ᫥饩 ଠ樥:
	a)   DCE 뢠騬  ⢥騬;
	b) ࠧ묨 ᯥ⠬ ⭮⥫쭮 ⥩ । (⠪,
	    ᪮); 
	c) ᨬ ଠ, ᯮ㥬 DTE.

	ᮡ 祭 襭 ଠ樨   ।⮬
ᬮ७   樨.  ଠ ᯮ 
ࠢ 묨 ᯥ⠬ ࠡ 訡४饣 DCE.


7.2	 ⠭ ⮪ ४樨 訡

	 ਥ 樨  ⮬,  ᨣ ८ࠧ⥫ 訫
handshake 饩 ,   䨧᪮ ᮥ ⮢  ࠡ,
㭪樮 ࠢ 樠 ࠡ ⮪ ४樨 訡. 
 ࠧ   䠧:
	a) 䠧 㦥 ।,   㤠 DCE ⠪
	   訡४騬; 
	b) 䠧 ⠭ ⮪ । 祭 ࠬ஢ 
	   易⥫ 楤  ᯮ짮   室,
	    ⠭ 訡४饥 ᮥ.

	 㦥 ।祭  ⮣, ⮡  ⥭樠쭮
 ࠧ뢠 ᮥ  뢠 DTE,    ந,
᫨  㭪樮 ࠢ  襫  䠧 ⠭ ⮪,
 㤠 DCE    訡४騬. , 䠧 㦥
  ⪫祭 樮 짮⥫, ᫨, ਬ,  ⢥騩
DCE 筮 ⭮,   - ᮢ⨬ ⨯. 訡४騩 DCE 
।  , ਭ  䥩 V.24,  㤠 DCE 
訡४饬 ०   ,  ⠭ 訡४饣
ᮥ  㤥 ᯥ譮.    ६ 㭪樮 ࠢ ॣ㫨
䥩 V.24, ⠢   祭 ᮮ饭  ⮬,  ।
   DTE  稭.


7.2.1	 㦥

	 䠧  㭪樮 ࠢ ஢ 稥
㤠 訡४饣 DCE.

	ᬮ७ ⢨  訡४騬 DCE 
訡४騬 ਢ  ਫ I.


7.2.1.1	। ஫

	ᯥ 䠧 㦥     㭪樮
ࠢ ᢮ ஫  뢠饣 DCE (  ⥪ "뢠騩"),
 ⢥饣 DCE ("⢥騩").  । ⠬,
ᯮ㥬묨  裡,  ᢠ   handshake' ,
 ।  ᯥ樠 ,  樨.  樨,
    ⥫䮭 맮 (⠪,   ᮥ 
뤥 㥬 ),   ᫥⢨ ᮡ⥩
樨 ७樠  뢠騬  ⢥騬  ᭠, ஫ 
 । ࠬ᪨ (⠭묨 ﬨ  
짮⥫᪨ 㪠 㭪樮 ࠢ ॡ㥬 ஫).


7.2.1.2	⢨ 뢠饣

	⢨ 뢠饣  䠧 㦥   ⬥
짮⥫.  ⮬ 砥 뢠騩 室 ।⢥  䠧
⠭ ⮪ (. 7.2.2).

	᫨ 䠧 㦥 ⠭, ,  楯 RFS  RSD ⠭ 
ﭨ ON,  ᯥ譮 ᮥ  ८ࠧ⥫ﬨ ᨣ,
뢠騩  ᫠ 蠡 㦥 뢠饣 (ODP). ODP
।,  ᫥ ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢ (᫥ ᫥
ࠢ  浪 ।):

		0 1000 1000 1 11...11 0 1000 1001 1 11...11

	 蠡 ।⠢ ᮡ ᨬ DC1  ⮬ ⭮, 
᫥  8  16 ,  - DC1  ⮬ ⭮,  -  8  16
. ODP ।  祭 ६ 䠧 㦥 T400 (. 9.1.1)
   ,   㤥 ਭ 蠡 㦥 ⢥饣 ADP,
 ।  ࠣ 7.2.1.3.

	 । 뫠, ᯮ 㭪 ஢
८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ (᫨   )  ᨭ஭  ⮩
饣 ᨣ ( ᯮ짮 - ᯮᮡ  ᨭ஭
ࠢ ᪮⥩, 饩 ८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ, 
ᯮᮡ  ⨢ 砥   ᯮ짮  ᨭ஭
訡४饬 DCE).

	뢠騩  ᫥ 室 ⮪ ⮢  ਥ 
।  ADP. ४ ਥ ᨬ, ⠢  ࠩ 
 ᬥ ADP,  業 뢠騬  䠪  蠡.

	᫨ ADP    祭 ਮ T400 (. 9.1.1), ,
訢 । ᫥ ७ ODP, 뢠騩  뢮  ⮬,
 ⢥騩   ᯮᮡ ४樨 訡  ᫥ V.42. 
⮬ 砥 뢠騩  㯨  ०  ४樨 訡, 
  । ⢮ ୠ⨢ ⥩
४樨 訡, ⠪,  ᠭ   A.

	᫨ ADP 㦥  祭 ਮ T400, 뢠騩 ४頥
। ODP  믮 ᮮ⢥騥 ਥ ADP ⢨ (ਬ, ᫨
"EC" ਭ, 樨 LAPM).


7.2.1.3	⢨ ⢥饣

	᫥ 樨  ᯥ譮 ⠭ ᮥ 
८ࠧ⥫ﬨ ᨣ 㭪樮 ࠢ ⢥饣 㤥 ।
   砭 䠧 㦥, ਥ ODP  㦥
砫 䠧 ⠭ ⮪ (砫 䠧 ⮪ ।  ਥ
뢭 䫠,  LAPM,   楤 ୠ⨢ ⮪).

	⢥騩  ஢ ⮢ ⮪, 室騩 
८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ,  । ⢮ ODP,  । 
7.2.1.2. ४ ਥ  ࠩ   ᨬ DC1 
।騬 祭ﬨ  ⭮  ࠪ⮢ ⢥騬 
ᢨ⥫⢮ ⮣,  ODP 㦥.

	᫨ ᫥ ⠭ 䨧᪮ ᮥ ODP  㦥 
祭 ਮ T400 (. 9.1.1),  ⠪  㦥 砫 䠧 ⠭
⮪  祭 ⮣  ਮ,  ⢥騩 蠥,  뢠騩 
ᯮᮡ  ४樨 訡  ⮪ V.42   㯨  ࠡ 
४樨 訡.

	᫨ ODP 㦥, ⢥騩   䠪 
ᢨ⥫⢮ ⮣,  뢠騩 ᯮᮡ  ࠡ  訡४饬
०  ॡ 室  䠧 ⠭ ⮪. ⢥騩 
 ᫠   蠡 㦥 ⢥饣 (ADP),
।  . 3/V.42,  ࠧ.

	 । 뫠, ᯮ 㭪 ஢
८ࠧ⥫ ᨣ  ᨭ஭  ⮩ 饣 ᨣ.

				. 3/V.42
			 㦥 ⢥饣

   Ŀ
                                                      祭         
   Ĵ
    0 1010 0010 1 11...11 0 1100 0010 1 11...11  V.42 ন      
    (E)  (C), ࠧ 8 - 16 栬                               
   Ĵ
    0 1010 0010 1 11...11 0 0000 0000 1 11...11  ॡ ⮪    
    (E)  (NUL), ࠧ 8 - 16 栬    ४樨 訡         
   Ĵ
    0 1010 0010 1 11...11 0 0000 XXXX 1 11...11  ⠢訥 15  -  
                                                 १ࢨ஢  饥 
   

	 - 襯ਢ ⮢ ᫥⥫쭮 ਢ
	᫥ ࠢ  浪 । (.. 訩  ।
	).


7.2.2	 ⠭ ⮪

	 ⠭ ⮪ 樠 뢠騬 DCE ᫥
ᯥ譮 襭 䠧 㦥, ᫨ ᫥  饭. 
⮩ 䠧 :
	a) ᮣᮢ /  ࠬ஢   易⥫
	   楤,  ࠢ ᫥饩 ࠡ⮩ DCE, 
	b) ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ.

	ᮢ/   饭, ᫨ 祭 "
㬮砭" ࠬ஢  楤 㤮⢮⥫.  ⨢ 砥
㭪樮 ࠢ 室  楤ࠬ, ᠭ  ࠣ 7.6, 
ᮣᮢ/樨 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤.

	᫥ 襭  ᮣᮢ/樨, 뢠騩 DCE
樠  ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ. 㭪樮
ࠢ 뢠饣 DCE ॡ  ᢮ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡
 ⠭ ᮥ   뤠 ਬ⨢  L-ESTABLISH.

	᫥ 祭 樮 ਬ⨢ L-ESTABLISH  㭪樮
஫ 訡, 㭪樮 ࠢ  ।, ⨬  
 ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ. ᫨  ⨬, 㭪樮
ࠢ 뤠 ⢥ ਬ⨢ L-ESTABLISH;  ⮣  
  ।   訡४饣 ᮥ.  ⨢
砥 㭪樮 ࠢ 뤠 ਬ⨢  L-RELEASE 㭪樮
஫ 訡. 㭪樮 ࠢ  㯨  ࠡ 
訡४饬 ०   ⪫ 䨧᪮ ᮥ.

	᫥ 뤠 ਬ⨢  L-ESTABLISH 㭪樮 ࠢ,
ਭ ⢥ত ਬ⨢ L-ESTABLISH, ⠥ ⠭
訡४饣 ᮥ 襭   ।  
. ᫨ 㭪樮 ࠢ ਭ 樮 ਬ⨢ L-RELEASE
(ਬ,  १ 㤠  ⠭ 訡४饣
ᮥ  ⪠ 㤠 㭪樮 ࠢ  ⠭
訡४饣 ᮥ),   ⥬ 㯨  ࠡ 
訡४饬 ०   ⪫ 䨧᪮ ᮥ.


7.3	। 

	 襭 䠧 ⠭ ᮥ 㭪樮 ࠢ
ॡ  㭪樮 ஫ 訡 । , ਭ 
䥩 V.24. ᨬ  ᯮ㥬 ᨬ쭮 ଠ, 
ᨬ, ਭ  䥩 V.24, 㤥 । १ 䥩 DCE/DCE
 8-  ( ⮢  ⮯ ⮢).

	  B ਢ ८ࠧ ࠧ 室 ᨬ
ଠ⮢  8- ଠ.

	 - 筮 ᠭ ⮣,  㭪樮 ࠢ
।  室 ᤥ  㭪樮 ஫ 訡 
। ,   ।⮬ ᬮ७  樨.
 ᮮࠦ      ਫ II.

	 ⮣, ⮡ । , 㭪樮 ࠢ  뤠
ਬ⨢  L-DATA 㭪樮 ஫ 訡.  ਬ⨢ 
ᮯ஢ 묨, ।祭묨  ।.

	 祭 樮 ਬ⨢ L-DATA, 㭪樮 ࠢ
㤥 । ਭ   䥩 V.24.  ᨬ 
ᮤঠ ࠢ쭮 -⮯ .


7.3.1	ࠢ ⮪, 騬 १ 䥩 DTE/DCE

	㭪樮 ࠢ   ᯮᮡ ᮮ DTE  ६
 ਭ   楯 103 (ﭨ ⮢ DCE) 
ᯮ ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭  DTE (ﭨ ⮢ DTE).
᫥ ਥ  樨, DCE  DTE   । 
筮 । ᨬ  ⥬ ४ ।   楯 104
(103), 䨪஢ 楯 104 (103)  ﭨ 1.  ﭨ
⮢ , DCE (DTE)  த ।   楯
104 (103).

	 ࠢ ⮪   ।⠢   
ᯮᮡ:
	a) ᯮ 楯 133  106:
	   ﭨ ⮢ DCE   ஢ 몫祭
	   楯 106 (OFF),  ⠭ - 祭 (ON);
	   ﭨ ⮢ DTE   ᯮ  ४祭
	    ON  OFF,  ⠭  -  ४祭  OFF  ON  -
	   楯 133;
	b) ᯮ DC1/DC3 ᨬ (㭪樨 XON/XOFF):
	   ﭨ ⮢ DCE   ஢ ।祩
	   ᨬ DC3,  ⠭ - ।祩 ᨬ DC1 -  楯
	   104;
	   ﭨ ⮢ DTE   ᯮ  ਥ ᨬ
	   DC3,  ⠭ -  ਥ ᨬ DC1 -  楯 103;
	   樮, ᨬ DC1  DC3, ਭ  DTE,  ⠢ 
	   ⮪ .

	 ᯮᮡ (a)  (b) ࠢ ⮪   ᯥ祭,
 롮 ⭮ ᯮᮡ   짮⥫᪮ 䨣樨.

	६ ॠ樨 DCE    ﭨ ⮢ DTE,  ⠪
६ ॠ樨 DTE    ﭨ ⮢ DCE  쭥襬
㤥 筥.  ६  ⠢ , ᪮쪮 
. DCE   ⮢  ⮬,  DTE ॠ   
⮢ DCE  ࠧ,     ਭ ᪮쪮
ᨬ  楯 103 ᫥ 뤠 樨  ᢮ ⮢.


7.4	। ᨣ ࠧ뢠 (break)

	᫥ ਥ ᨣ break  䥩 V.24 㭪樮 ࠢ
 ।:
	a)    묨 (  ।),  
	   ।묨 १ 䥩 V.24   㤠 DCE; 
	b)   ᫥⥫쭮 ⭮⥫쭮 ।  (
	   浪 㯫  ।)   ࠢ
	   break-ᨣ  㤠 DCE.

	㭪樮 ࠢ  뤠 ਬ⨢  L-SIGNAL
㭪樮 ஫ 訡, 㪠뢠 樨 ࠡ  break-ᨣ,
ᮮ⢥騥 ॡ㥬 ⢨. 樨 饭  break-ᨣ 
⢨,   ᯮ᫥, ਢ  . 4/V.42. 
ਬ⨢  L-SIGNAL  ⠪ 㪠뢠  break-ᨣ.

	㭪樮 ࠢ   뤠 ᫥ ਬ⨢ 
L-SIGNAL  ⢥ত ।饩 ।⢮ 祭 ਬ⨢
⢥ত L-SIGNAL  㭪樮 ஫ 訡.

				. 4/V.42
			⢨ ।饣 DCE  ਥ
			break-ᨣ  䥩 V.24

Ŀ
    樨                       ⭮⥫쭮 ,                      
 饭  Ĵ
    break                  室  室  
              㤠 DCE   DTE 㤠 DCE쭮 DTE
Ĵ
騩  -      -    - 뢠 - ࠭   
         ,            
a)            । ।                
             , ⥬                 ਥ        ਥ        
             । break                ⢥ত ⢥ত 
             -                                             
              ।                                             
                                                                 
Ĵ
ࠧ騩-      - த  - த  - த  
         ।      ਥ   ਥ   
              ।                                     
             , ⥬                                             
             । break                                            
             - ࠭                                            
                                                         
             祭                                                 
             ⢥ত                                             
Ĵ
ࠧ騩-        - த  - த  - த  
    ⢥ত   ।      ਥ   ਥ   
             ࠭ ।峤                                    
             , ⥬                                             
             । break                                            
             - ࠭                                            
                                                         
             祭                                                 
             ⢥ত                                             

a)  ६ ﭨ, ⭮騥  ࠡ 㭪樮 ࠢ 
   ஫ 訡,  ᪫祭 ,   ⭮襭  ।
   break-ᨣ, ਭ ᢮ 室 祭.


7.5	ਥ break

	㭪樮 ࠢ ନ  稨 ᨣ break 
祭 樮 ਬ⨢ L-SIGNAL.   ⢥न 祭
⮩ ਬ⨢ ᮮ⢥饩 ⢥⭮ ਬ⨢ L-SIGNAL  ᨬ쭮
 ᪮. ⢨, 맢 ਥ break-ᨣ, ।
ﬨ 饭  break,    . 5/V.42. ᫨  ᨣ 
㪠,  break-ᨣ , ।塞 祭  㬮砭,
ࠢ  DTE.

				. 5/V.42
			⢨ ਭ饣 DCE  ਥ
			break-ᨣ  㤠 DCE

Ŀ
   樨 饭                   ⭮⥫쭮 ,                
         break         Ĵ
                          㤠 DCE     DTE 
Ĵ
騩     -          -          
a) b)                    ।         ࠢ     
                                                - ࠢ break-ᨣ 
Ĵ
ࠧ騩          -  ⢨       - ࠢ break-ᨣ 
                                                        
                                                -  ଠ 
                                                  ।         
Ĵ
ࠧ騩          -  ⢨       - ࠢ break-ᨣ 
                                          浪 㯫  
                                                  ⭮⥫쭮     

a)  ६ ﭨ, ⭮騥  ࠡ 㭪樮 ࠢ 
   ஫ 訡,  ᪫祭 ,   ⭮襭  ।
   break-ᨣ, ਭ ᢮ 室 祭.
b)   権 ⢥ত   饭  ᨬ쭮
    ᪮.


7.6	ᮢ/ 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤

	 ६ 䠧 ⠭ ⮪ (. 7.2.2) ᮣᮢ /
 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤 樨
㭪樮 ࠢ 뢠饣 DCE, ᫨ 㬠稢 祭 
㤮⢮⥫.  砭 ⮩ 䠧,  ᮣᮢ/樨
  ⠪ 樨஢    㭪樮 ࠢ 
DCE.

	 - ਩,  ஬ 㭪樮 ࠢ ।
室  祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤,
 ⠭  ६ 䠧 ⠭ ⮪,  
।⮬ ᬮ७ ⮩ 樨. ਬ஬ ⠪  
㦨 㦥  ﭨ ।饩 .

	㭪樮 ࠢ 뤠 ਬ⨢  L-SETPARM, ਪ뢠
㭪樮 ஫ 訡 樨஢ ᮣᮢ /  祭
ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤.

	᫥ 祭 樮 ਬ⨢ L-SETPARM  㭪樮
஫ 訡, 㭪樮 ࠢ 㤥 믮 室
ᮣᮢ (. ࠣ 9  10). ⥬   뤠 ⢥
ਬ⨢ L-SETPARM ᢮ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡   
ᮣᮢ/樨 (. ).

	᫥ 祭 ਬ⨢ ⢥ত L-SETPARM  㭪樮
஫ 訡, 㭪樮 ࠢ 蠥 
ᮣᮢ/樨 (. ).

	  ᮣᮢ/樨 祭 ࠬ஢ 
易⥫ 楤 믮 ⢨, ਢ  ࠣ 9 
10.  襭  ᮣᮢ/樨, 㭪樮 ࠢ
ᢠ ᮮ⢥騬 ࠬࠬ   祭 
⨢/⨢ ᮮ⢥騥 易⥫ 楤.

	 -  ࠬ ⠭ ᨬ  
㢥 㤠 DCE.  ⠪ , 㭪樮 ࠢ
⠭  祭  ࠬ஢  ⢨ 
㭪樮 ஫ 訡,  ᠭ .


7.7	ࠢ 室  訡४饣 ᮥ

	᫥ ࢮ砫쭮 ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ
㭪樮 ࠢ   㭪樮 ஫ 訡  
訡४饣 ᮥ  ࠧ 뤠祩 ਬ⨢ 
L-RELEASE. ᫥ ⮣ 㭪樮 ࠢ ⠥ 楤 襭.
㭪樮 ࠢ । ⠪ 室 ⪫祭 䨧᪮
ᮥ.

	 - 㤨⥫ ⨢, 묨 㪮 㭪樮
ࠢ, ਪ뢠 ࢠ 訡४饥 ᮥ 
ࠧ,   ।⮬ ᬮ७  樨. 㭪樮
ࠢ  ࠧࢠ 䨧᪮ ᮥ,  訢 ࠢ
室  訡४饣 ᮥ,  祭 ᮮ⢥
  䥩 V.24.

	㭪樮 ࠢ ନ  ࠢ쭮 室 
訡४饣 ᮥ,  樮 ਬ⨢ L-RELEASE
 ᢮ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡. , 㭪樮 ࠢ 
⪫ 䨧᪮ ᮥ  ந ᮮ⢥騥 ⢨ 
䥩ᮬ V.24.


7.8	楢 

	 ᮮ⢥⢨  易⥫묨 㭪ﬨ, ।묨  
஢ 䠧 ⠭ ⮪, 㭪樮 ࠢ  樨஢
楢   㤠 㭪樮 ࠢ.

	 -  ࠧ 㭪樮 ࠢ ।
室 ஢ 楢  -  । 쭥襣
᫥.

	 ⮣, ⮡ 樨஢ 楢 , 㭪樮 ࠢ
 뤠 ਬ⨢  L-TEST ᢮ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡.
㭪樮 ࠢ ⢥砥  ஢ 㭨 , 
 饭 㤠 㭪樮 ࠢ,  㤥 
ਧ ᯥ譮 襭 ஢.

	楢    樨஢    ᫥ 襭
䠧 ⠭ ⮪.

	 ⠥ 祭 ᫥ ਥ 樮 ਬ⨢
L-TEST, ᮤঠ饩 , ᫠ ਬ⨢  L-TEST,  
祭 ண ਮ ६.

	㭪樮 ࠢ, 稢訩 樮 ਬ⨢ L-TEST, 
 뤠訩 ࠭ ਬ⨢  L-TEST (.. , ஬ 
⢥  楢 ஢, 樨஢ 㤠 㭪樮
ࠢ),  뤠 ਬ⨢  L-TEST ᢮ 㭪樮
஫ 訡.  ਬ⨢  ᮤঠ , ਭ
樮 ਬ⨢ L-TEST,    樠 ஢.


8	   :  LAPM

	 ࠧ,  ⠪  A 뢠 ࠡ 㭪樮
஫ 訡.

	 LAPM  ᮮ饭 ।  ,  ࠭祭 䫠
砫  .    ଠ 䫠 ᠭ ,  ࠣ
8.1.1.

	楤   樨  㭪樨 :
	a) ࠭祭, ࠢ  ᯥ祭 ஧筮 ;
	b) । 짮⥫᪮ ଠ樨 (  break-ᨣ);
	c) ஫ ᫥⥫쭮 ।;
	d) 㦥 訡 ।, ଠ  訡 ࠡᯮᮡ;
	e) ࠢ 訡 ।, ଠ  ࠡᯮᮡ 
	   㢥  ࠢ 訡;
	f) ࠢ ⮪;
	g) ᮣᮢ/樨 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫
	   楤; 
	h) 樠樨  ࠢ쭮 室  訡४饣
	   ᮥ.

	஬ ⮣, LAPM      "᪨"
訡४ ᮥ; ᯮ  ⢫ ।⢮
䨪 ᮥ  ।  (DLCI), ᮤঠ饣 
 .


8.1	騥 

	 ࠧ 뢠    楤  ࠡ
ᮡ⢥ 楤 吝 㯠   (LAPM).


8.1.1	   

8.1.1.1	 

	 ᮮ饭   DCE ।   ஢, 
 ।⠢  . 4/V.42.

   8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1                 8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1 
Ŀ           Ŀ
  0  1  1  1  1  1  1  0    1      0  1  1  1  1  1  1  0    1
        砫                           砫        
Ĵ           Ĵ
     (砭 1)         2         (砭 1)         2
Ĵ           Ĵ
 ࠢ (砭 2)       3     ࠢ (砭 2)       3
Ĵ           Ĵ
 ଠ (砭 3)             ଠ (砭 3) 
Ĵ           Ĵ
                                                                   N-4
           FCS                N-2               FCS                N-3
                              N-1                                  N-2
                                                                   N-1
Ĵ           Ĵ
  0  1  1  1  1  1  1  0               0  1  1  1  1  1  1  0  
                       N                           N
           

      a) 16-⭠ FCS                       b) 32-⭠ FCS

 1 - ᨬ ࠧ ⮣  ࠭祭  ⠬.
 2 - ࠢ饥  -     ஢  ᫥⥫쭮
㬥樥     ஢  㬥樨, . 8.2.2.
 3 -   ⨯ ஢  ଠ樮 .

				. 4/V.42
			       


8.1.1.2	 ᫥⥫쭮  ஧筮

	  ࠭祭 㭨쭮 ⮢ ᫥⥫쭮
"01111110", 뢠 䫠. , ।騩 ᭮ , ।
 䫠 砫. , ᫥騩   ஫쭮 ᫥⥫쭮
, ।  䫠 .      ⠪ 㦨
䫠 砫 ᫥饣 .

	஧筮 ন ।⢮  ।稪
ᮤন   䫠 砫    ⠢ "0"-  ᫥
 ᫥⥫쭮   "1"- ⮢ . ਥ ஢
ᮤন   䫠 砫    뢠  "0"-
,  ᫥ ।⢥    "1"-묨 ⠬.


8.1.1.3	᭮ 

	 祭 ᭮   䨪
訡४饣 ᮥ,  ⠪ 訡४饣 ꥪ
(DCE), 易  . ଠ ⮣  ।  8.2.1.


8.1.1.4	ࠢ饥 

	ࠢ饥  ᯮ  ७樠樨  ࠧ묨 ⨯
஢.    쭥襬 ।  8.2.2.


8.1.1.5	ଠ樮 

	 ᨬ  ⨯ , ଠ樮  ⠪ 
⢮  . ᨬ쭮 ⢮   ⮬  ।
ࠬ஬ N401 (. 9.2.3).


8.1.1.6	 ஫쭮 ᫥⥫쭮  (FCS)

	  ᯮ CRC     ⮢ 訡.


8.1.1.6.1	16-⭠ ஫쭠 ᫥⥫쭮 

	 FCS   ⭠⨡⭮ ᫥⥫쭮,
।饩 䫠 . 16-⭠ FCS    
㬬 (  2)  ᫠:
	a) ⪠   (  2) X^k * (X^15 + X^14 + X^13 +
	   + X^12 + X^11 + X^10 + X^9 + X^8 + X^7 + X^6 + X^5 + X^4 + X^3 +
	   + X^2 + X^1 + 1)  ࠧ騩  X^16 + X^12 + X^5 + 1, 
	   k - ⢮    ,   , ᫥ ⮬
	   䫠 砫   ⮬ FCS, ᪫ , ⠢ 
	   ᯥ祭 ஧筮; 
	b) ⪠   (  2)  ࠧ騩  X^16 +
	   + X^12 + X^5 + 1 ந X^16  ᮤন  , 
	    , ᫥ ⮬ 䫠 砫   ⮬ FCS,
	   ᪫ , ⠢  ᯥ祭 ஧筮.

	 ⢥ ⨯筮 ॠ樨 ⮩ 奬 ।稪 
। ᫥.   ॣ ன⢠, 饣 ⮪ 
, 砫쭮 ⠭  "1", , ⥬, ᮤন ॣ
  १   ࠧ騩  ( ᠭ )
᭮, ࠢ饣  ଠ樮 ; 筮 
祭 ⪠ ।  ⢥ ⭠⨡⭮ FCS.

	 ⢥ ⨯筮 ॠ樨 ⮩ 奬 ਥ  ।
᫥.   ॣ ன⢠, 饣 ⮪, 砫쭮
⠭  "1".  ⮪, ᫥ 㬭  X^16  ⥬
 (  2)  ࠧ騩  X^16 + X^12 + X^5 + 1 ⮪
室 頥 ⮢  FCS, 㤥 ࠢ "0001 1101 0000 1111" ( X^15 
X^0, ᮮ⢥⢥)  ⢨ 訡 ।.


8.1.1.6.2	32-⭠ ஫쭠 ᫥⥫쭮 

	FCS   32-⭮ ᫥⥫쭮, ।饩 䫠
. 32-⭠ FCS     㬬 (  2)
 ᫠:
	a) ⪠   (  2) X^k * (X^31 + X^30 + X^29 +
	   + X^28 + X^27 + X^26 + X^25 + X^24 + X^23 + X^22 + X^21 + X^20 +
	   + X^19 + X^18 + X^17 + X^16 + X^15 + X^14 + X^13 + X^12 + X^11 +
	   + X^10 + X^9 + X^8 + X^7 + X^6 + X^5 + X^4 + X^3 + X^2 + X^1 + 1)
	    ࠧ騩  X^32 + X^26 + X^23 + X^22 + X^16 + X^12 +
	   + X^11 + X^10 + X^8 + X^7 + X^5 + X^4 + X^2 + X + 1,  k -
	   ⢮    ,   , ᫥ ⮬ 䫠
	   砫   ⮬ FCS, ᪫ , ⠢ 
	   ᯥ祭 ஧筮; 
	b) ⪠   (  2)  ࠧ騩  X^32 +
	   + X^26 + X^23 + X^22 + X^16 + X^12 + X^11 + X^10 + X^8 + X^7 +
	   + X^5 + X^4 + X^2 + X + 1 ந X^32  ᮤন 
	   ,   , ᫥ ⮬ 䫠 砫   ⮬
	   FCS, ᪫ , ⠢  ᯥ祭 ஧筮.

	 ⢥ ⨯筮 ॠ樨 ⮩ 奬 ।稪 
। ᫥.   ॣ ன⢠, 饣 ⮪ 
, 砫쭮 ⠭  "1", , ⥬, ᮤন ॣ
  १   ࠧ騩  ( ᠭ )
᭮, ࠢ饣  ଠ樮 ; 筮 
祭 ⪠ ।  ⢥ 32-⭮ FCS.

	 ⢥ ⨯筮 ॠ樨 ⮩ 奬 ਥ  ।
᫥.   ॣ ன⢠, 饣 ⮪, 砫쭮
⠭  "1".  ⮪, ᫥ 㬭  X^32  ⥬
 (  2)  ࠧ騩  X^32 + X^26 + X^23 + X^22 +
+ X^16 + X^12 + X^11 + X^10 + X^8 + X^7 + X^5 + X^4 + X^2 + X + 1 ⮪
室 頥 ⮢  FCS, 㤥 ࠢ "1100 0111 0000 0100 1101 1101
0111 1011" ( X^31  X^0, ᮮ⢥⢥)  ⢨ 訡 ।.


8.1.2	襭  ଠ

8.1.2.1	襭  㬥樨

	᭮ ᮣ襭, ᯮ㥬   樨,
ந஢ . 5/V.42.  㯯  .   
।⠢ ਧ⠫쭮  㬥  1  8. ⢮ 
।⠢ ⨪쭮  㬥  1  n.

		   8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1
		Ŀ
		                                   1
		Ĵ
		                                       2
		Ĵ
		                                       .
		                                       .
		                                       .
		Ĵ
		                                       n
		

			   . 5/V.42
			襭  ଠ


8.1.2.2	冷 । ⮢

	 ।  浪 ⠭ ஢;  ᠬ 
 1 -  । .


8.1.2.3	襭  ࠧ饭 

	  ᮤন   , ⮬  訬 ஬
 襥 祭 .

	  뢠   , 冷 祭 ⮢ 
   㯠⥫쭮 㬥蠥  㬥襭  , 
 ६    . 訩   ᮮ⢥
襬 祭 .

	ਬ,      ।⠢ ன (o,b),  o -
 ,  b - ᮮ⢥騩    .  . 6/V.42
।⠢ , ஥ ᯮ, 稭   (1,3)    (2,7).
訩   室   (1,3),  訩 -   (2,7).

		   8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1
		Ŀ
		                    2^4 2^3 2^2  1-  
		Ĵ
		 2^1 2^0                         2-  
		

			   . 6/V.42
		  襭  ࠧ饭 


	᪫祭  襮ᠭ ᮣ襭  ࠧ饭  
 FCS, ஥     .  ⮬ 砥  1 ࢮ
  訩  ;  8 ண  ( 16-⭮ FCS)  
8 ⢥⮣  ( 32-⭮ FCS)  訩  (. 7/V.42).

  8   7 6 5 4 3 2   1                    8   7 6 5 4 3 2   1
Ŀ               Ŀ
2^8               2^15 1-   2^24              2^31 1-  
Ĵ               Ĵ
2^0               2^7  2-   2^16              2^23 2-  
               Ĵ
    a) 16- FCS                   2^8               2^15 3-  
                                       Ĵ
                                       2^0               2^7  4-  
                                       
					   b) 32- FCS

				. 7/V.42
			襭  ࠧ饭 FCS


8.1.3	⢨⥫ 

	⢨⥫ ஬  , :
	a)  ४⭮ ࠭祭  䫠; 
	b)  ० 16-⭮ FCS      䫠, 
	   ஢, ᮤঠ ᫥⥫ ,    
	   -  ஢,  ᮤঠ ᫥⥫ ; 
	    ० 32-⭮ FCS   ᥬ   䫠, 
	   ஢, ᮤঠ ᫥⥫ ,     -
	    ஢,  ᮤঠ ᫥⥫ ; 
	c)  ⮨  楫 ᫠   ⠢ 㫥 ⮢  ᫥
	    뢠; 
	d) ᮤন 訡 ஫쭮 ᫥⥫쭮 ; 
	e) ᮤন ᭮    祬  ⠬   祭
	   DLCI,  ন ਥ.

	⢨⥫    襭  㢥
᫠襣 (, . 8.5.4).  ⢨  ந 
१ ਥ ⠪ .


8.1.4	뢠 ਥ 

	ਥ ᥬ    ⮢   ஢
 ਩ ४饭 ਥ,  ⮬ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡 
ந஢ ਭ  騩  .


8.1.5	 ஢ ஬⪠

	 ஢ ஬⪠ 믮 뢭 ।祩
䫠  ࠬ, .. ⢮ 쬨 䫠
᫥⥫쭮⥩ (. 8.1.1.2).


8.2	 楤  ଠ  LAPM

	 楤 ।   ⢥, ᯮ㥬 LAPM 
訡४饬 ᮥ. 楤, ஦ ⨬ ⠬,
ᠭ  ᫥ ࠧ.


8.2.1	ଠ ᭮ 

	ଠ ᭮    . 8/V.42. ᭮  ᮤন
䨪 ᮥ  ।  (DLCI), C/R   
७ ᭮  (EA).

		  8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1
		Ŀ
		         DLCI          C/R EA  2
		Ĵ
		           DLCI             EA      2A
		

			   . 8/V.42
			ଠ ᭮ 


8.2.1.1	䨪 ᮥ  । 

	 ࠬ ⮩ 樨 ।  祭 DLCI. 
祭 DLCI ᯮ  ᯥ祭 ଠ樮  
䥩ᠬ V.24. 㣮 祭, 饥 易⥫, ᯮ
 䨪 ଠ樮 ᮥ 㭪樮 ࠢ; 
ᮥ ᠭ  ࠣ 11. 祭  DLCI ।  9.2.7
 樨.

	 ᯮ 易⥫쭮 塠⮢ ᭮ 
(. 8.2.1.3), DLCI 砥 ⠪   8  2  2A.


8.2.1.2	  /⢥ (C/R)

	 C/R (/⢥)      
⢥ .  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠢ HDLC,   ᮤন
"" 訡४饣 ꥪ, ஬   ।,  
६,  ⢥  ᮤন "" 訡४饣 ꥪ,
।饣 .   訡४饣 ᮥ, 祭 DLCI
᭮  ⠥ ,   C/R ,  । 
. 6/V.42.

				. 6/V.42
			ᯮ짮  /⢥

      Ŀ
       /⢥            ࠢ            C/R 祭 
      Ĵ
                      뢠騩  >  ⢥騩       1       
              Ĵ
                      ⢥騩  >  뢠騩       0       
      Ĵ
                      뢠騩  >  ⢥騩       0       
           ⢥     Ĵ
                      ⢥騩  >  뢠騩       1       
      


8.2.1.3	 ७ ᭮  (EA)

	 ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠢ HDLC,  祭 ᭮ 
  ७ ।⢮ १ࢨ஢ ࢮ । 
  ⮣   樨 ⮣,    
᫥ ⮬ .  ࠬ  樨, ᭮  ࠭祭
 ⠬.

	  EA ⠭  1,  砥,    
᫥ ⮬ ᭮ . ᫨   EA ⠭  0,  砥,
 ᫥   ⮬  ⠫  ᭮ .


8.2.2	ଠ ࠢ饣 

	ࠢ饥   ⨯   ⢥⭮ .
ࠢ饥  㤥 ᮤঠ ᫥⥫   ஢, 
  室.

	   ⨯ ଠ⮢ ࠢ : ।
㬥஢ ଠ樨 (I ଠ), 㯥ࢨ 㭪樨 (S ଠ) 
। 㬥஢ ଠ樨  ࠢ 㭪権 (U ଠ). ଠ
ࠢ  ।⠢  . 7/V.42.

				. 7/V.42
			ଠ ࠢ饣 

	Ŀ
	                ࠢ饣  (  128)    
	  ଠ    8     7     6     5     4     3     2     1  
	Ĵ
	                             N(S)                    0    3
	 I ଠ Ĵ
	                             N(R)                    P        4
	Ĵ
	            X     X     X     X    S     S    0     1        3
	 S ଠ Ĵ
	                             N(R)                   P/F       4
	Ĵ
	 U ଠ   M     M     M   P/F   M     M    1     1        3
	

	N(S)	᫥⥫  ।  뫠饣 
	N(R)	᫥⥫  ਥ  뫠饣 
	S	 㯥ࢨ୮ 㭪樨
	M	 䨪樨 㭪樨
	P/F	,  ᯮ  
		⢥ ,  ᯮ  ⢥
	X	१ࢨ஢ , ⠭  0


8.2.2.1	ଠ ଠ樮 । (I)

	I ଠ  ᯮ짮  믮 । ଠ樨
 訡४騬 ꥪ⠬. 㭪樮쭮, N(S), N(R)  P -
ᨬ;  ,  I   ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ᫥⥫
 N(S), ᫥⥫  ஬ N(R),  ⮬,  
⢥न   ⢥न ⥫ I , ਭ
訡४騬 ꥪ⮬, 뫠騬  I ,   P,  ⮬,
  ⠭  0   1.


8.2.2.2	㯥ࢨ ଠ (S)

	S ଠ   ᯮ짮  믮 㯥ࢨ
ࠢ 楤  訡४饬 ᮥ, ⠪ 
⢥ত I ஢,    ।    I
஢    ६ ਮ⠭ । I ஢. N(R)  P/F
㭪樮쭮 ᨬ;  ,   㯥ࢨ୮  ।
᫥⥫  N(R),    ⢥न   ⢥न
⥫ I , ਭ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬, 뫠騬
 S ,   P/F,  ⮬,   ⠭  0   1.


8.2.2.3	㬥஢ ଠ (U)

	U ଠ  ᯮ짮  믮 ⥫
ࠢ ᮥ 楤  । 㬥஢ ଠ樨. U
ଠ  砥  ᥡ ᫥⥫ ,  砥  P/F,
   ⠭  0   1.


8.2.3	ࠬ ࠢ饣   ६ ﭨ

	 ⮬ ࠧ ᠭ ࠧ ࠬ, 易  ଠ⠬
ࠢ饣 . ⭮ ஢  ࠬ஢ ⠪,  訩
  ।⠢ 襥 祭 ࠬ.


8.2.3.1	 /⢥ (P/F)

	  ᮤঠ  /⢥ (P/F).  P/F  ᢮
祭    ⨯:   ⢥⭮.    
P/F 砥   P.  ⢥⭮  -  F.  P, ⠭ 
1, ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬   ⢥⭮  
᢮ 訡४饣 .  F, ⠭  1,
ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬  樨 ⢥⭮ ,
।  ⢥     ஬.


8.2.3.2	६  ᫥⥫ 

8.2.3.2.1	

	 I   ᫥⥫ ,   ਭ
祭  0  n  1 ( n -  ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨).
 ࠢ 128,  ᫥⥫  横᪨ 室  祭
   0  127.

	 -  䬥᪨ 樨  ६묨 ﭨ 
᫥⥫묨 ࠬ, ᮤঠ騥   樨, ந
  権   (n  2).


8.2.3.2.2	६ ﭨ । V(S)

	  ᥠ 裡  ᯮ짮  I ஢ 
ਬ ᮮ⢥ ६ V(S). V(S) 砥 ᫥⥫
 ᫥饣 I ,    ।. V(S)  ਭ
祭  0  n  1. 祭 V(S)   㢥祭  1 ᫥
 ᯥ譮 । I     ॢ室 祭 ६
V(A) , 祬  ⠭ k - ᨬ쭮 ⢮ 
⢥ত I ஢. 祭 k    ࢠ 1 <= k <= 127.


8.2.3.2.3	६ ﭨ ⢥ত V(A)

	  ᥠ 裡  ᯮ짮  I ஢ 
㯥ࢨ /⢥ ஢  ਬ ᮮ⢥
६ V(A). V(A)  ᫥ ,   ⢥ত
⮬ (V(A)-1 ࠢ 祭 N(S) ᫥ ⢥ত I
). V(A)  ਭ 祭  0  n  1. 祭 V(A) 
஢   ४ 祭 N(R), ਭ  
(. 8.2.3.2.6). ४⭮ 祭 N(R) -  祭  
V(A) <= N(R) <= V(S).


8.2.3.2.4	᫥⥫  । N(S)

	쪮 I  ᮤঠ N(S) - ᫥⥫  ।
뫠 I .  ६ ନ஢ ᫥饣  浪 I  
।, 祭 N(S) ᢠ 祭 V(S).


8.2.3.2.5	६ ﭨ ਥ V(R)

	  ᥠ 裡  ᯮ짮  I ஢ 
㯥ࢨ /⢥ ஢  ਬ ᮮ⢥
६ V(R). V(R) 砥 ᫥⥫  । I ,
ਥ ண . V(R)  ਭ 祭  0  n  1.
祭 V(R)   㢥祭  1  訡筮 ਥ ।
 浪 I , N(S) ண ࠢ V(R).


8.2.3.2.6	᫥⥫  ਥ N(R)

	 I   㯥ࢨ  ᮤঠ N(R) - 
᫥⥫  । ᫥饣 ਭ .  ६
ନ஢ ஢ 襭 ⨯  ।, 祭 N(R)
ᢠ 祭 V(R). 祭 N(R) ᢨ⥫  ⮬, 
訡४騩 , ।騩  N(R), ४⭮ ਭ  I
  ᫥⥫묨 ࠬ   N(R)-1 ⥫쭮.


8.2.4	 ஢

8.2.4.1	  ⢥

	  ⢥ , ᫥  . 8/V.42,  
ᯮ짮   訡४ ꥪ⮢.  ࠬ ᬮ७
楤 LAPM, ⨯ ஢,  㥬   . 8/V.42,
  / ⢥⠬, 騬 । ࠢ騥
; ⢨, ।ᬮ७  ⠪ ஢, ਢ  8.5.5.

	  ⢥  . 8/V.42 ।  ࠣ  8.2.4.2 
8.2.4.14.

				. 8/V.42
			        ⢥

Ŀ
                                             ஢          
  ଠ           ⢥    8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1 
Ĵ
 ।       I                              N(S)            0  3
ଠ樨 (ଠ)            Ĵ
                                               N(R)            P      4
Ĵ
                RR          RR      0   0   0   0  0   0  0   1      3
            ( ਥ   ( ਥ  Ĵ
             ⮢)      ⮢)                N(R)           P/F     4
           Ĵ
               RNR         RNR      0   0   0   0  0   1  0   1      3
            ( ਥ   ( ਥ  Ĵ
              ⮢)    ⮢)             N(R)           P/F     4
㯥ࢨ-Ĵ
            REJ         REJ      0   0   0   0  1   0  0   1      3
             (⪠)     (⪠)   Ĵ
                                               N(R)           P/F     4
           Ĵ
               SREJ        SREJ     0   0   0   0  1   1  0   1      3
           (롮 (롮 Ĵ
              ⪠)      ⪠)               N(R)            0      4
Ĵ
              SABME                 0   1   1  P  1   1  1   1      3
           Ĵ
                            DM      0   0   0  F  1   1  1   1      3
           Ĵ
                UI          UI      0   0   0 P/F 0   0  1   1      3
           Ĵ
               DISC                 0   1   0  P  0   0  1   1      3
 㬥- Ĵ
                      UA      0   1   1  F  0   0  1   1      3
           Ĵ
                           FRMR     1   0   0  F  0   1  1   1      3
           Ĵ
               XID         XID      1   0   1  0  1   1  1   1      3
           Ĵ
               TEST                 1   1   1  0  0   0  1   1      3

ਬ砭 ॢ稪:   ⠡, ⭮  ⠬ P/F ஢
	SREJ ( 1), XID ( 5),  ⠪   P  TEST ( 5), 
	ਣ ਢ "P/F=0"  "P=0", ᮮ⢥⢥.


8.2.4.2	ଠ樮  (I)

	㭪樥 ଠ樮  (I)  । १
訡४饥 ᮥ ᫥⥫쭮 ஭㬥஢ ,
ᮤঠ饣 , 祭 㭪樮 ࠢ  䥩 V.24.


8.2.4.3	 ⠭ ७ ᨭ஭
	ᡠ஢ ० (SABME)

	㬥஢  SABME ᯮ  ॢ
訡४饣 ꥪ, ஬  ᮢ,  ﭨ
"ᮥ".

	 ଠ樮   ᪠   SABME.
訡४騩 ꥪ ⢥ত ਥ  SABME ।祩 
ࢮ 㤮 砥 ⢥ UA.  ਭ⨨ ⮩ 
訡४騩 ꥪ ⠭ V(S), V(A)  V(R)  0. ।
 SABME ॡ ⪨  ਧ ᪫⥫ 権.

	 । I ,   뫨 ⢥ত  
믮 ⮩ ,  ⢥ত묨  .


8.2.4.4	 室  ᮥ (DISC)

	㬥஢  DISC ᯮ    ﭨ
" ᮥ".

	 ଠ樮   ᪠   DISC.
訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩  DISC, ⢥ত ਥ
 ।祩 ⢥ UA. 訡४騩 ꥪ, ᫠訩 
DISC, 蠥 訡४饥 ᮥ ᫥ ਥ ⢥ত饣
⢥ UA  DM.

	 । I ,   뫨 ⢥ত  
믮 ⮩ ,  ⢥ত묨  .


8.2.4.5	㬥஢ ଠ樮 /⢥ (UI)

	㬥஢ ଠ樮  (UI) ᯮ  ।
ࠢ饩 ଠ樨  ଠ樮 ⮪, 饣  DTE 
। I ࠬ.  ࠢ ଠ   易 
ଠ樮 ⮪ DTE (ਬ, break-ᨣ).  ᫥⥫
஢  ᮤন  ࠢ饣  UI .  P/F  UI 
⠭  0.

	஢ ଠ樮  ਢ  12.3.


8.2.4.6	/⢥ " ਥ ⮢" (RR)

	㯥ࢨ  RR ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬ :
	a) 樨 ⮢  ਥ I ;
	b) ⢥ত ࠭ ਭ I ஢, ஭㬥஢  
	   N(R)-1 ⥫쭮 ( ।  8.4.3.1); 
	c) ⪨ ਧ ⮢, ⠭ ண 뫠 ।ᠭ
	   ।祩 ࠭  RNR ⨬  訡४騬 ꥪ⮬.

	   樨 ﭨ 訡४饣 ꥪ,
 RR  ⮬ P, ⠭  1,   ᯮ짮
訡४騬 ꥪ⮬    ﭨ .


8.2.4.7	/⢥ "⪠" (REJ)

	㯥ࢨ  REJ ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬ 
 ୮ । I ஢, 稭    ஬ N(R). 祭
N(R)   REJ ⢥ত I   ࠬ   N(R)-1.  I
, 騥 ࢮ ।,   । ᫥  ୮
।祩 ⢥ত() I ().

	   ६   ⠭ ⮫쪮  ਧ
᪫⥫쭮 樨 REJ   ࠢ ଠ樮 ।.
ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 REJ 頥  ਥ I   N(S),
ࠢ N(R)  REJ.

	।  REJ  ⠪ ᮮ  ⮬, 
訡४騩 ꥪ, 뫠騩  , ⨫ ਧ
ᮡ⢥ ⮢,  ⠭ ண ᮮ頫 ࠭ ।祩
 RNR ⨬  訡४騬 ꥪ⮬.

	   樨 ﭨ 訡४饣 ꥪ,
 REJ  ⮬ P, ⠭  1,   ᯮ짮
訡४騬 ꥪ⮬    ﭨ .


8.2.4.8	/⢥ "롮 ⪠" (SREJ)

	  "롮 ⪠" (SREJ)  易⥫쭮.
᫨  -⠪ ॠ,   ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬
  ୮ । 筮 I   ஬ N(R).  ࠬ
⮩ 樨  P/F  SREJ ᥣ ⠭  0.   砥,
N(R)  SREJ    ⢥ত - I ஢.

	 ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 SREJ 頥  ਥ I
  N(S), ࠢ N(R)  SREJ. 訡४騩 ꥪ 
।    ஢ SREJ,    ᮤন ࠧ N(R)
 㫥  P/F,  ⮣,     ࠭ ⠭ ਧ
᪫⥫쭮 樨 SREJ  饭.

	I ,    । ᫥  ⥬ I ஬, 
 㪠  SREJ,   ୮ ।  १ ਥ
 SREJ. ⥫ I , 騥 ࢮ ।,  
। ᫥  ୮ ।祩 I , 襭 ஬ SREJ.


8.2.4.9	/⢥ " ਥ  ⮢" (RNR)

	㯥ࢨ  RNR ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬ 
ᮮ饭  ﭨ ⮢;  砥,    ६
ᯮᮡ  ਥ  室 I ஢. 祭 N(R)   RNR
⢥ত I   ࠬ   N(R)-1.

	   樨 ﭨ 訡४饣 ꥪ,
 RNR  ⮬ P, ⠭  1,   ᯮ짮
訡४騬 ꥪ⮬    ﭨ .


8.2.4.10	㬥஢ ⢥⭮ ⢥ত (UA)

	㬥஢ ⢥ UA ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬
 ⢥ত ਥ  ⨬ , ⠭ ० ࠡ
(SABME  DISC). ਭ ⠭   믮   ,
 ⢥ UA  㤥 ।.  ଠ樮   ᪠
 ⢥ UA. । ⢥ UA ᮮ頥  ⪥  ਧ
⮢,  ⠭ ண ᮮ頫 ࠭ ।祩  RNR ⨬
 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬.


8.2.4.11	⢥ "० ⢨ ᮥ" (DM)

	㬥஢ ⢥ DM ᯮ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬
 ᮮ饭 ᢮   ⮬,  訡४騩 ꥪ
室  ﭨ ⢨ ᮥ /     
室  ﭨ "ᮥ".  ଠ樮  
᪠  ⢥ DM.


8.2.4.12	⢥ "⢥࣭ " (FRMR)

	㬥஢ ⢥ FRMR   ਭ 訡४騬
ꥪ⮬  ⢥ ᮮ饭  訡筮 樨,  饩
ࠢ ⥬ ୮ । 筮 , .. ਥ
⢨⥫쭮  ਢ  ࠩ     ᫥ 訡
権:
	a) ਥ   ⢥, ࠢ饥  ன  ।
	     ॠ;
	b) ਥ 㯥ࢨ୮  㬥஢   ४⭮
	   ;
	c) ਥ ⢨⥫쭮 祭 N(R); 
	d) ਥ I   ଠ樮 ,  ண ॢ室
	   ᨬ쭮 ⠭ 祭.

	। ࠢ饥  -     ࠢ饬 ,
 ।  . 8/V.42.

	⢨⥫쭮 祭 N(R) -  祭  
V(A) <= N(R) <= V(S).

	ଠ樮 , ᫥饥  ࠢ騬   饥 
 , ᮤন   ⢥  砥  ᥡ ଠ  稭
 ⢥ FRMR. ଠ ⮣ ଠ樮  ਢ  .
9/V.42.

		  8   7   6   5   4   3   2   1
		Ŀ
		       ࠢ饥           4
		      ⢥࣭⮣              5
		Ĵ
		            V(S)            0       6
		Ĵ
		            V(R)           C/R      7
		Ĵ
		 0   0   0   0  Z  Y  X  W       8
		

	ࠢ饥  ⢥࣭⮣  -  ࠢ饥  ਭ⮣
	, 㦨襣 稭 FRMR. ᫨ ⢥࣭  
	㬥஢, ࠢ饥  ⢥࣭⮣  ࠧ頥 
	 4,  ⮬ 5, ⠭  0000 0000.

	V(S) - ⥪饥 祭 ६ ﭨ ।
	訡४饣 ꥪ, ᮮ饣  ⢥࣭⮬ .

	C/R ⠭  1, ᫨ ⢥࣭   ⢥,   0, ᫨
	⢥࣭   .

	V(R) - ⥪饥 祭 ६ ﭨ ਥ
	訡४饣 ꥪ, ᮮ饣  ⢥࣭⮬ .

	W, ⠭  1,   ⮬,  ਭ⮥  饭 
	 4  5 ࠢ饥   뫮 ।  ॠ.

	X, ⠭  1,   ⮬,  ਭ⮥  饭 
	 4  5 ࠢ饥  뫮 ਧ ⢨⥫,
	᪮  ᮤঠ ଠ樮 , ⨬  
	஬,   㯥ࢨ  㬥஢ ஬ ४⭮
	.  W   ⠭  1 ᮢ⭮  ⨬ ⮬.

	Y, ⠭  1,   ⮬,   ଠ樮 ,
	ਭ⮣ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬, ᮮ騬  ⢥࣭⮬
	, ॢ蠥 ᨬ쭮 ⨬ 祭 (N401).

	Z, ⠭  1,   ⮬,  ਭ⮥  饭 
	 4  5 ࠢ饥  ᮤন  N(R).

	 1  6    5  8  8   ⠭  0.

			   . 9/V.42
		ଠ ଠ樮  FRMR


8.2.4.13	/⢥ 䨪樮  (XID)

	 XID ᯮ   ᭮ 䨪樮
ଠ樥.  ᫥⥫ ஢  ᮤন  ࠢ饬
  XID.  P/F  XID ⠭  0.

	 ࠬ  樨, ଠ樮  ஢ XID
ᯮ  ᮣᮢ/樨 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫
楤. ஢ ⮣ ଠ樮  ਢ  12.2.


8.2.4.14	 ஢ (TEST)

	   TEST   易⥫쭮. ᫨ 
ॠ,  ᯮ  ஢ 楢   
㭪樮 ࠢ.  ᫥⥫ ஢  ᮤন 
ࠢ饬   TEST.  P  TEST ⠭  0.

	ଠ樮 ,  ᠭ   樨, ⠪
砥  . 㭪樮 ࠢ, 樨騩 楢 , ᠬ
롨ࠥ ᮤন ଠ樮 . 㭪樮 ࠢ, ⢥騩
 楢 , 頥 ଠ樮 , ਭ⮥  樠
஢.


8.2.5	ᯮ짮 ⠩஢

	 ࠧ 㭪権, ᠭ  ᫥ ࠧ, ᯮ
⠩  ⮣, ⮡ ᯥ ࠢ ࠡ ⮪.  ⮬
ࠧ ᯮ ᫥ ନ  ᠭ ⠩ 権:
	a) ⮢  ⮢ ⠩ -   
	   ࠧ㬥,  ⠩ ᪠  ࠡ, 稭 
	   ।। 祭;
	b) ⠭ ⠩ ࠧ㬥,  ⠩ ४頥 ᢮
	   ࠡ,   ᮤন ⠩    ⠭  
	   祭.


8.3	⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ

8.3.1	騥 

	楤 ⮣ ࠧ ᯮ  ⠭
訡४饣 ᮥ (..  室  ﭨ "
ᮥ"  ﭨ "ᮥ")  楫 ।⠢ 
।    䥩 V.24  㣮.

	ਭ ਬ⨢  L-ESTABLISH  ᮡ⢥ 㭪樮
ࠢ, 㭪樮 ஫ 訡   ⠭
訡४饥 ᮥ. ਬ⨢  L-ESTABLISH ᯮ
⠪  ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ (. 8.4.9).  
砥, 訡४騩  ।  SABME.   ଠ,
⫨筮  㬥஢, ਭ   ६,  
ந஢.


8.3.2	஡ ᠭ 楤

8.3.2.1	楤 ⠭

	  ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ 樨
।祩  SABME.  ਧ ᪫⥫ 権  
饭, 稪  । - 㫥,  ⠩ T401 - ⮢
(⠩ T401 ।  9.2.1).

	 1 -  ⮣, ⮡  ୮ 樨
ਭ⮣ ⢥⭮  DM,  SABME ᥣ  ।  ⮬
P, ⠭  1.

	 2 -  㯮    ᫠  ⢥
ࢮ ⮪쭮  ࠧ  ᫥ 砭 䠧 㦥 (᫨
 ᯮ)  ᫥ ⠭ 䨧᪮ ᮥ (᫨ 䠧
㦥  ᯮ), 뢠騩    । 䫠
᫥⥫쭮⥩  祭 ਮ ६, 筮 
࠭஢ ।  ࠩ  16 䫠 ᫥⥫쭮⥩.

	।  SABME,  १ ਥ ਬ⨢ 
L-ESTABLISH, ࠧ㬥 뢠    ।.

	 -   SABME ।  ਭ  ⠭
 ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ,  ⢥ত
I   ⢥ত묨  㭪樮 ஫ 訡.
⢥⢥  ᮤন ଠ樮  ⠪ I ஢ 
 㭪樮 ࠢ. ।  ୮ ᮤন 
ଠ樮  㭪樮 ஫ 訡   । 蠥
㭪樮 ࠢ.

	᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩  SABME, ᯮᮡ
⠭ 訡४饥 ᮥ ( ⢥ত ਥ
⢥⭮ ਬ⨢ L-ESTABLISH  㭪樮 ࠢ  ⢥ 
樮 ਬ⨢ L-ESTABLISH),   :
	- ⢥   ⢥⭮  UA  ⮬ F, 騬  
	  祭,    P ਭ⮩  SABME;
	-  V(S), V(R)  V(A)  0;
	-  訡४饥 ᮥ ⠭  ३ 
	  ﭨ "ᮥ";
	-   騥 ਧ ᪫⥫ 権;
	-   騩 ਧ  ਥ ;
	  
	- ⮢ ⠩ T403 (⠩ T403 ।  9.2.6), ᫨ 
	  ॠ.

	᫨ 㭪樮 ࠢ    ⠭
訡४饣 ᮥ ( 㪠뢠 ਬ⨢ 
L-RELEASE  㭪樮 ࠢ  ⢥  樮 ਬ⨢
L-ESTABLISH), 訡४騩 ꥪ  ⢥   SABME
।⢮ ⢥⭮  DM  ⮬ F, 騬   祭,    P
ਭ⮩  SABME.

	ਭ ⢥ UA  ⮬ F, ⠭  1,   SABME
:
	- ⠭ ⠩ T401;
	- ⮢ ⠩ T403, ᫨  ॠ;
	-  V(S), V(R)  V(A)  0; 
	-  訡४饥 ᮥ ⠭ (.. ३
	   ﭨ "ᮥ")  ନ஢  ⮬ 㭪樮
	  ࠢ, ᯮ ਬ⨢ ⢥ত L-ESTABLISH.

	ਭ ⢥ DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  1,   SABME
 ନ஢ ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ  㤠 ⠭
訡४饣 ᮥ (ᯮ 樮 ਬ⨢
L-RELEASE)  ⠭ ⠩ T401. ⢥ DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  0,
 ஢  ⮬ 砥.

	ਬ⨢  L-RELEASE, 祭   ⠭
ᮥ, ⮣ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬,   㦥
 襭 楤 ⠭.


8.3.2.2	楤, 믮塞  祭 ६ ⠩ T401

	᫨ ६ ⠩ T401 諮  ਥ ⢥ UA  DM  ⮬ F,
⠭  1, 訡४騩 ꥪ :
	- । ୮  SABME,  ᠭ ;
	- ⮢ ⠩ T401; 
	- ਡ 1  稪  । (N400).

	᫥ N400  ।  SABME  㤠  ਥ
⢥, 訡४騩 ꥪ  ஢  䠪 㭪樮
ࠢ ।⢮ 樮 ਬ⨢ L-RELEASE.   
।   襭.

	祭 N400 ।  9.2.2.


8.4	। 짮⥫᪨ , ਭ  䥩 V.24

	। ଠ樨  稭 ᫥ 뤠 UA  ⢥ 
ਭ  SABME,  ᫥ ਥ UA, 祭  ⢥  뤠
 SABME.  ࠧ 饭 । 짮⥫᪨ ,
ਭ  䥩 V.24. ࠣ 8.6 饭 । ࠢ饩
ଠ樨.


8.4.1	। I ஢

	, ਭ 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬  㭪樮
ࠢ ।⢮ ਬ⨢  L-DATA,   ।  I
. ࠬࠬ ࠢ饣  N(S)  N(R)   ᢮
祭 V(S)  V(R) ᮮ⢥⢥. V(S)   㢥祭  1 
砭 । I .

	᫨ ⠩ T401  饭  ६ । I ,  室
⮢. ᫨ ६ ⠩ T401 ⥪, ᫥ ३  楤ࠬ,
।  8.4.8.

	᫨ V(S) ࠢ V(A)  k ( k - ᨬ쭮 ⢮
 ⢥ত I ஢ - . 9.2.4), 訡४騩 ꥪ 
 ।   ஢,    ୮ । I
,  १ 믮 楤 ࠢ 訡, ᠭ 
8.4.4  8.4.5.

	 訡४騩 ꥪ 室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨
"⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ",  , ⥬  , । I
,  ᫮  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ
" .

	 - ਬ⨢  L-DATA, 祭  
⢮ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡" (.
8.5.3),   ⠢  ।.


8.4.2	ਥ I ஢

	ᨬ    ⢨ ᪫⥫쭮 樨
"ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡", ᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ  室
 ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ"  ਭ I
, N(S) ண ࠢ ⥪饬 祭 V(R), 訡४騩 ꥪ
:
	- । ଠ樮  ⮣  㭪樮 ࠢ,
	  ᯮ 樮 ਬ⨢ L-DATA;
	- ਡ 1  V(R)  ⢮,  㪠 .


8.4.2.1	 P ⠭  1

	᫨  P ਭ⮣   ⠭  1, 訡४騩
ꥪ  ⢥ ᢮  ᫥騬 ࠧ:
	- ᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩 I ,  
	  室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥
	  ਥ",   ᫠ ⢥ RR  ⮬ F, ⠭ 
	  1;
	- ᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩 I , 뢠 
	  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ"
	  ᫥⢨ ਥ  I ,   ᫠ ⢥ RNR 
	  ⮬ F, ⠭  1.


8.4.2.2	 P ⠭  0

	᫨  P ਭ⮣ I   ⠭  0 :
	a) ᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ   室  ᪫⥫쭮
	   樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ":
	   - ᫨    I , ।祭  ।, 
	     I , ।祭  ।, ,   
	     ᪫⥫쭠  "⮢ ਥ ", 
	     訡४騩 ꥪ  । ⢥ RR  ⮬ F,
	     ⠭  0; 
	   - ᫨  I , ।祭  ।,  
	     ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ ", 
	     訡४騩 ꥪ  । I , 祭
	     N(R) ண ࠢ ⥪饬 祭 V(R),  । 
	     8.4.1; 
	b) ᫨ ਭ   訡४騩 ꥪ 뢠 
	   ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ", 
	    । ⢥ RNR  ⮬ F, ⠭  0.

	 訡४騩 ꥪ 室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨
"⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ",   㯠  묨
ਭ묨 I ࠬ  ᮮ⢥⢨  8.4.7.


8.4.3	।  ਥ ⢥ত

8.4.3.1	। ⢥ত

	直 ࠧ,  訡४騩 ꥪ । I , 
㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR  REJ, 祭 N(R)   ⠭
ࠢ V(R).


8.4.3.2	ਥ ⢥ত

	ਭ ⢨⥫ I ,  㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR  REJ,
 室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ"
 "ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡", 訡४騩 ꥪ 
ࠪ⮢ N(R), ᮤঠ騩  ⮬ ,  ⢥ত  I ஢,
  ।  祭ﬨ N(S)   ਭ⮣ N(R)-1. 祭
V(A)   ⠭ ࠢ N(R). 訡४騩 ꥪ 
⠭ ⠩ T401, ਭ ⢨⥫ I ,  㯥ࢨ 
RR, RNR  REJ  祭 N(R) 訬, 祬 V(A) (⢨⥫쭮
⢥ত ⥬ ᠬ - I ),   REJ  祭 N(R)
ࠢ V(A). 訡४騩 ꥪ  ⠭ ⠩ T401,
ਭ 㯥ࢨ  SREJ  祭 N(R) ࠢ  訬, 祬
V(A), ᬮ  ,       ᥡ 㭪樨 ⢥ত.

	 1 - ᫨  । 㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR  REJ 
⮬ P, ⠭  1,    ⢥ত, ⠩ T401   
⠭.

	 2 - ਭ ⢨⥫ I , ⠩ T401  
 ⠭, ᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ 室  ᪫⥫쭮
樨 "⮢ ਥ " (.. 㤠
訡४騩 ꥪ நନ஢  ᢮ ६  ᢮ ).

	᫨ ⠩ T401  ⠭ ᫥⢨ ਥ I, RR  RNR
,  ᫨     ⢥ত I ,
訡४騩 ꥪ  ⮢ ⠩ T401. ᫨ ६
⠩ T401 ⥬ ⥪, 訡४騩 ꥪ  ३ 
楤 ࠢ 訡  ⭮襭  ⢥ত I ࠬ, 
।  8.4.8.

	᫨ ⠩ T401  ⠭ ᫥⢨ ਥ REJ ,
訡४騩 ꥪ  ३  楤ࠬ ୮ ।,
ᠭ  8.4.4.

	᫨ ⠩ T401  ⠭ ᫥⢨ ਥ SREJ ,
訡४騩 ꥪ  ३  롮筮 ୮ ।,
ᠭ  8.4.5,  ⮢ ⠩ T401. ᫨ ६ ⠩ T401 ⥬
⥪, 訡४騩 ꥪ  ३  楤 ࠢ
訡  ⭮襭  ⢥ত I ࠬ,  ।  8.4.8.


8.4.4	ਥ ஢ REJ

	ਭ ⢨⥫  REJ, 訡४騩 ꥪ 
⢮ ᫥騬 ࠧ:
	a) ᫨   室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ
	   ⠩୮ 訡":
	   - 頥 ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ
	     ";
	   - ⠭ 祭 ६ V(S)  V(A) ࠢ묨 祭
	     N(R), ᮤঠ饬  ࠢ饬   REJ;
	   - ⠭ ⠩ T401;
	   -  ⠩ T403, ᫨  ॠ;
	   - ᫨     REJ  ⮬ P, ⠭  1, 
	     । ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ ⢥  (.
	     砭 2  8.4.6)  ⮬ F, ⠭  1;
	   - ।,   ॥, ᮮ⢥騩 I ,  ᠭ
	      8.4.1, ਭ   㭪  1)  3), ਢ ,
	      ⠪ , ᫥騩  㭪⠬ 1) - 3); 
	   - ⬥砥,    襭 ⮪, ᫨ ਭ
	       ⢥ ஬ REJ  ⮬ F, ⠭  1;
	b) ᫨  室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ ⠩୮
	   訡",    ⢥  REJ  ⮬ F, ⠭  1:
	   - 頥 ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ
	     ";
	   - ⠭ 祭 ६ V(S)  V(A) ࠢ묨 祭
	     N(R), ᮤঠ饬  ࠢ饬   REJ;
	   - ⠭ ⠩ T401;
	   -  ⠩ T403, ᫨  ॠ; 
	   - ।,   ॥, ᮮ⢥騩 I ,  ᠭ
	      8.4.1, ਭ   㭪  1)  3), ਢ ,
	      ⠪ , ᫥騩  㭪⠬ 1) - 3);
	c) ᫨  室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ ⠩୮
	   訡",     REJ, ⫨  ⢥⭮  REJ 
	   ⮬ F, ⠭  1:
	   - 頥 ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ
	     ";
	   - ⠭ 祭 ६ V(A) ࠢ 祭 N(R),
	     ᮤঠ饬  ࠢ饬   REJ; 
	   - ᫨     REJ  ⮬ P, ⠭  1, 
	     । ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ ⢥   ⮬ F,
	     ⠭  1 (. 砭 2  8.4.6).

	 । I ஢ 室    ᫥饥:
	1) ᫨   ਥ  REJ 訡४騩 ꥪ
	   । 㯥ࢨ ,   ଠ쭮  
	   ।, ᫥ 祣   । 訢 I ;
	2) ᫨   ਥ  REJ 訡४騩 ꥪ
	   ।  SABME,  DISC, ⢥ UA  ⢥ DM, 
	    ந஢    ।; 
	3) ᫨   ਥ  REJ 訡४騩 ꥪ 
	   ।  ஢,     ।
	   訢 I .

	 ⠢訥 ⢥ত묨 I , 稭  I ,
㥬 ਭ ஬ REJ,   ।. 㣨 I ,
।    稭,   । ᫥  ୮
।祩 訢 I ஢.


8.4.5	ਥ ஢ SREJ

	᫨ 易⥫쭠 楤 롮筮 ୮ ।
ᮣᮢ  ᯮ짮  訡४饬 ᮥ,  ਥ
 SREJ ਢ  ୮ । I , N(S) ண ࠢ
祭 N(R)   SREJ.  㣨 I ஢    ୮
।  १ ਥ  SREJ (, I , 騥
ࢮ砫쭮 ।,  ।).

	 । I ஢ 室    ᫥饥:
	1) ᫨   ਥ  SREJ 訡४騩 ꥪ
	   । 㯥ࢨ ,   ଠ쭮  
	   ।, ᫥ 祣   । 訢 I ;
	2) ᫨   ਥ  SREJ 訡४騩 ꥪ
	   ।  SABME,  DISC, ⢥ UA  ⢥ DM, 
	    ந஢    ।; 
	3) ᫨   ਥ  SREJ 訡४騩 ꥪ 
	   ।  ஢,     ।
	   訢 I .

	᫨ 易⥫쭠 楤 롮筮 ୮ । 
ᮣᮢ  ᯮ짮,  ਥ  SREJ  ࠪ⮢ 
ᯮ /⢥  ࠢ饬  (. 8.5.5).


8.4.6	ਥ ஢ RNR

	᫥ ਥ ⢨⥫쭮   ⢥ RNR,
訡४騩 ꥪ, ᫨       ⠭ ०
(..  ।  SABME  DISC),  ⠭ ਧ
᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ ",  ⥬:
	- ᫨  뫠  RNR  ⮬ P, ⠭  1,  
	  뤠 ⢥ RR  ⮬ F, ⠭  1, ᫨
	  訡४騩 ꥪ  室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨
	  "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ",  뤠 ⢥ RNR 
	  ⮬ F, ⠭  1, ᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ
	  室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥
	  ਥ"; 
	- ᫨   ⢥ RNR  ⮬ F, ⠭  1, ਧ
	  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡"  
	  饭,  N(R), ᮤঠ騩  ⮬  RNR,  
	  ᯮ짮  ४樨 V(S).

	訡४騩 ꥪ  ⬥ 䠪 ᪫⥫쭮
樨 "⮢ ਥ "   ।  I ஢
㤠 訡४饬 ꥪ.

	 1 - 祭 N(R)    RR  RNR
(ᨬ  ﭨ  P)  㤥 ᯮ짮  ४樨
६ ﭨ । V(S).

	訡४騩 ꥪ  ⥬:
	- ᬠਢ N(R), ᮤঠ騩  ਭ⮬  RNR, 
	  ⢥ত   I ஢,  뫨 । (
	  ୮ ।)  祭ﬨ N(S)   N(R)-1, 
	  ⠭ 祭 V(A) ࠢ 祭 N(R)  ਭ⮣ 
	  RNR; 
	- ⮢ ⠩ T401, ᫨  ᭮  ⥫
	  ⢥ 㯥ࢨ ஢ RR, RNR  REJ  ⮬ F,
	  ⠭  1.

	᫨ ६ ⠩ T401 ⥪, 訡४騩 ꥪ :
	- ᫨    室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ
	  ⠩୮ 訡", ३   ᪫⥫   㫨
	  稪  ।; 
	- ᫨  㦥 室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ
	  ⠩୮ 訡", ਡ 1  稪  ।.

	 訡४騩 ꥪ :
	a) ᫨ 祭 稪  । , 祬 N400:
	   - । ᮮ⢥ 㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR  REJ
	     (. 砭 2 )  ⮬ P, ⠭  1;
	   - ⮢ ⠩ T401; 
	b) ᫨ 祭 稪  । ࠢ N400, 樨஢
	   楤 ⠭ ᮥ,  ।  8.4.9.

	訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩 㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR 
REJ  ⮬ P, ⠭  1,  ⢥   ࠭
।⢮ ⢥⭮ 㯥ࢨ୮  RR, RNR  REJ (. 砭 2
)  ⮬ F, ⠭  1,  ⮣, ⮡ ନ஢  ⮬,
   ᪫⥫쭠  "⮢ ᮡ⢥
ਥ".

	ਭ 㯥ࢨ ⢥ RR, RNR  REJ  ⮬ F, ⠭ 
1, 訡४騩 ꥪ  ⠭ ⠩ T401, :
	- ᫨ ⢥⮬  RR  REJ, ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨
	  "⮢ ਥ " 頥, 
	  訡४騩 ꥪ  । ,  ୮
	  । I ,  ।  8.4.1   8.4.4,
	  ᮮ⢥⢥; 
	- ᫨ ⢥⮬  RNR, 訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩
	  ⠪ ⢥,  ⢮  ᮮ⢥⢨   ࠣ䮬
	   ࠧ.

	᫨   믮  ਭ 㯥ࢨୠ 
(RR, RNR  REJ)  ⮬ P, ⠭  0   1,  㯥ࢨ
⢥  (RR, RNR  REJ)  ⮬ F, ⠭  0,
訡४騩 ꥪ :
	- ᫨ 㯥ࢨ   RR  REJ,   ਧ
	  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ " , ᫨
	  ਭ 㯥ࢨ     ⮬ P, ⠭ 
	  1, । ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ ⢥  (.
	  砭 2 )  ⮬ F, ⠭  1. , 
	  ।,  ୠ । I ஢   ।ਭ
	   ਥ ᮮ⢥饣 ⢥⭮ 㯥ࢨ୮   ⮬
	  F, ⠭  1,   祭 ६ ⠩ T401; 
	- ᫨ 㯥ࢨ   RNR,  ⠢ ਧ
	  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ " , ᫨
	  ਭ 㯥ࢨ    RNR  ⮬ P,
	  ⠭  1, । ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ ⢥
	   (. 砭 2 )  ⮬ F, ⠭  1.

	ਭ  SABME, 訡४騩 ꥪ  
ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ਥ ".

	 2 - ᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ  室 
᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ",  室 
᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⪠" (.. 뫠 㦥 訡 ᫥⥫쭮
㬥樨 N(S)   뤠  REJ,  襭 I    ਭ),
ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ    RR.

	᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ  室  ᪫⥫쭮
樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ",  室  ᪫⥫쭮
樨 "訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨 N(S)" (.. 뫠 㦥
訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨 N(S),   REJ   뤠),
ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ    REJ.

	᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ 室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨
"⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ", ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ 
  RNR.

	  ⠫  ᮮ⢥騩 㯥ࢨ  
 RR.


8.4.7	᪫⥫쭠  "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ"

	 訡४騩 ꥪ   ᪫⥫ 
"⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ",   ।  RNR  ࢮ
.

	 RNR   :
	- ஬ RNR  ⮬ F, ⠭  0; 
	- ⢥⮬ RNR  ⮬ F, ⠭  1, ᫨   
	  ᪫⥫  ᮯ஢ ਥ   
	  ⮬ P, ⠭  1; 
	-  RNR  ⮬ P, ⠭  1, ᫨   
	  ᪫⥫  ᮯ஢ 祭 ६ ⠩
	  T401.

	 ਭ I   ⮬ P, ⠭  0,  
襭 ᫥ ४樨 V(A).

	 ਭ 㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR, REJ  ⮬ P/F,
⠭  0,   ࠡ⠭,  ४ V(A).

	 ਭ 㯥ࢨ  SREJ  ⮬ P/F, ⠭  0,
  ࠡ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨  8.4.5.

	 ਭ I   ⮬ P, ⠭  1,  
襭 ᫥ ४樨 V(A). , ⢥  RNR  ⮬ F,
⠭  1,   뤠.

	 ਭ 㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR, REJ  ⮬ P,
⠭  1,   ࠡ⠭,  ४ V(A). ⢥ RNR
 ⮬ F, ⠭  1,   뤠.

	 ⮣, ⮡ ᮮ 訡४饬 ꥪ ᢮
  室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥
ਥ", 訡४騩 ꥪ  ।  RR, , ᫨
࠭ 뫠 㦥 訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨 N(S),  ன 
 뫮 ᮮ饭,  REJ c 祭 N(R), ⠭ ࠢ ⥪饬
祭 V(R),   SREJ (᫨  ᯮ짮 ᮣᮢ).

	।  SABME  ⢥ UA ( ⢥   SABME) ⠪
 訡४饬 ꥪ   ⪥ ਧ
᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥ ਥ".


8.4.8	 ⢥ত

	訡騩 ꥪ  ন ७ 稪
 ।.

	᫨ ६ ⠩ T401 ⥪, 訡४騩 ꥪ :
	- ᫨    室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ
	  ⠩୮ 訡",  ३    㫨 稪 
	  ।; 
	- ᫨  㦥 室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ
	  ⠩୮ 訡",  ਡ 1  稪  ।.

	⥬ 訡४訩 ꥪ :
	a) ᫨ 祭 稪  ।  N400, ⮢
	   ⠩ T401  । ᮮ⢥ 㯥ࢨ  (.
	   砭 2  8.4.6)  ⮬ P, ⠭  1; 
	b) ᫨ 祭 稪  । ࠢ N400, 樨஢
	   楤 ⠭ ᮥ  ᮮ⢥⢨  8.4.9.

	ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡"
頥,  訡४騩 ꥪ ਭ ⢨⥫
㯥ࢨ ⢥  RR, RNR  REJ  ⮬ F, ⠭  1.
᫨ 祭 N(R)  ਭ⮬ 㯥ࢨ୮  RR, RNR  REJ 室 
  ⥪饣 祭 V(A)  ⥪饣 祭 V(S) ⥫쭮,
 訡४騩 ꥪ  ⠭ ६ V(S) ࠢ
ਭ⮬ 祭 N(R).  T401   ⠭, ᫨ ਭ
㯥ࢨ   ⢥⮬ RR  REJ, ᫥ 祣
訡४騩 ꥪ   ।,  
। I , ᮮ⢥⢥.  T401   ⠭, ᫥
祣  室 ⮢, ᫨ ਭ 㯥ࢨ ⢥ RNR  ⥬,
⮡ 믮    ᮮ⢥⢨  8.4.6.


8.4.9	⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ

8.4.9.1	ਨ ⠭

	ਨ ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ ।
 ⮬ ࠧ   ᫥ ᫮:
	- ਥ SABME, 室  ﭨ "ᮥ";
	- 祭 ਬ⨢  L-ESTABLISH  㭪樮 ࠢ
	  (. 8.3.1);
	- ९ 稪  । N400, 室 
	  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡" (. 8.4.8);
	-  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⢥࣭ "  ᮮ⢥⢨
	   8.5.5;
	- ਥ, 室  ﭨ "ᮥ", ⢥⭮  FRMR (.
	  8.5.6);
	- ਥ, 室  ﭨ "ᮥ", 訢 ⢥
	  DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  0 (. 8.5.7);
	- ਥ, 室  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "ࠢ ⠩୮
	  訡", ⢥ DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  1.


8.4.9.2	楤

	  ⠭  訡४騩 ꥪ 
室  楤ࠬ, ।  8.3.   ਨ
⠭ ( 樨஢ 㤠 ஭)  ਢ 
। SABME.

	 砥 ⠭, 樨஢   訡४
ꥪ⮢, ᫥  ⠪, ᫨ V(S) > V(A)  砫 ⠭,
뤠 樮 ਬ⨢ L-ESTABLISH 㭪樮 ࠢ  
 I   ।.

	 砥 ⠭, 樨஢ 㭪樮 ࠢ, 
᫨ ਬ⨢  L-ESTABLISH,  ⠭,  ,
 ᯮ짮 ਬ⨢ ⢥ত L-ESTABLISH.


8.5	饭  ᪫⥫    ࠢ

	᪫⥫ 樨     १ 訡 
䨧᪮   楤 訡 訡४饣 ꥪ.

	 ⮬ ࠧ ᠭ 楤 ࠢ 訡, 
ᯮ  䥪⨢ ࠢ 訡 ᫥  㦥
᪫⥫쭮 樨 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬.


8.5.1	訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨 N(S)

	᪫⥫쭠  "訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨 N(S)"
   ਭ饩 ஭,  ਭ ⢨⥫ I ,
ᮤঠ騩 祭 N(S),  ࠢ ⥪饬 祭 ६ V(R)
ਥ. ⢨ ਥ   ⮣, 뫮  ᮣᮢ
ᯮ짮   訡४饬 ᮥ 易⥫쭮
楤 롮筮 ୮ ।. ᫨ 뫮,  ଠ樮  I
஢, N(S)   ࠢ V(R), ਥ  ࠭  ᫥饩
। 㭪樮 ࠢ   ,   I  (.. I
  N(S)=V(R))  㤥 祭. ᫨ ᯮ짮 楤 롮筮
୮ ।  뫮 ᮣᮢ, ଠ樮   I ஢,
N(S)   ࠢ V(R),   襭.

	  砥, ਥ   ⢥ত (  㢥稢 
1 ६ V(R))  I , 맢訩 訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨, 
 稥 I ,   ᫥  ,   ,   㤥
ਭ I   ४ 祭 N(S).

	訡४騩 ꥪ,  ਭ   ᪮쪮 I
஢, ᮤঠ 訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨,  訡 
⠫쭮,  ᫥訥 㯥ࢨ  RR, RNR  REJ, 
ᯮ짮 ᮤঠ騥  ࠢ   ஢ 祭 N(R) 
⮢ P/F  믮 ᮮ⢥ ࠢ ᮥ 㭪権,
ਬ,  ਥ ⢥ত ࠭ । I ஢,  ⠪ 
⮣, ⮡ ⠢ 訡४騩 ꥪ 뤠 ⢥, ᫨  P
⠭  1. ⮬, ୮ । I   ᮤঠ 祭
N(R)   P,  뫨 ᪮४஢,  ⮬ ⫨騥  
祭,  ᮤঠ  ࢮ砫쭮 । I .

	  REJ,   SREJ ᯮ 訡४騬
ꥪ⮬  樨஢ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 ࠢ (୮
।),   ᫥  㦥 訡 ᫥⥫쭮
㬥樨 N(S).

	쪮  ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⪠" (REJ)  
⠭    ६   ࠢ ଠ樮
।.  ⢮ ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "롮
⪠" (SREJ)   ⠭    ६  
ࠢ ଠ樮 ।.

	訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩   ⢥ REJ, 
樨஢ । ( ।) ᫥⥫쭮 I ஢,
稭  I , ᮮ⢥饣 祭 N(R), ᮤঠ饬   REJ.

	訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ訩   ⢥ SREJ, 
樨஢  । I , ᮮ⢥饣 祭 N(R),
ᮤঠ饬   SREJ.

	ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⪠"  "롮 ⪠"
頥,  ਭ 訢 I ,   SABME  DISC.

	  REJ,   SREJ    । ୮ ( 砥
   , 祭 ६ ⠩ T401   殢 ⠢
㤠 訡४騩 ꥪ  । 訢 I
()). , ᫨  ਭ I ஢ 뢠,  ୠ
। ॡ㥬  㦥  ,  ᪫⥫쭠  ⥬ 
  , ਧ ᪫⥫ 権 "⪠"  "롮
⪠"   樮쭮 ⠭ ,   REJ  SREJ -
७.


8.5.2	訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨 N(R)

	᪫⥫쭠  "訡 ᫥⥫쭮 㬥樨 N(R)"
   ।饩 ஭,  ਭ ⢨⥫ 㯥ࢨ
  I , ᮤঠ騩 ࠢ쭮 祭 N(R).

	ࠢ쭮 祭 N(R) -  祭, 室饥   
V(A) <= N(R) <= V(S).

	ଠ樮 , ᮤঠ饥  I , 饥 ४
᫥⥫   ଠ,   । 㭪樮 ࠢ
।⢮ 樮 ਬ⨢ L-DATA.

	訡४騩 ꥪ  樨஢ ⠭
ᮥ  ᮮ⢥⢨  8.4.9.2.


8.5.3	ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡

	᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ ᫥⢨ 訡 । 
ਭ  I   ᫥ I   㯯 ஢,  
㦨 ᪫⥫ , 易  訡 ᫥⥫쭮
㬥樨, , ⮬,  뤠  REJ  SREJ.

	訡४騩 ꥪ,  । ⢥ত I
(),   祭 ६ ⠩ T401 믮 ᮮ⢥騥
⢨  ࠢ 樨,  ᠭ  8.4.8,  ⮣, ⮡
।,   I   稭 ୠ ।.


8.5.4	⢨⥫ 

	 ਭ , 騩 ⢨⥫ ( ᮮ⢥⢨ 
8.1.3),   襭,  ⢨   ।ਭ 
१ ਥ ⠪ .

	 ⢥ 易⥫쭮 楤,  ⢥  ਭ  
訡 FCS, 訡४騩 ꥪ  ।  REJ 
 ஢   - ⢨.    
ਭ    襭  ନ஢ 㭪樮 ࠢ
 ⮬ ਥ.


8.5.5	⢥࣭ 

	⢥࣭   १   ᫮, ᠭ 
8.2.4.1 ( ࠣ)   8.2.4.12, 㭪 b, c  d.

	㦨 稥 ⢥࣭⮣ , 訡४騩 ꥪ
 樨஢ ⠭ ᮥ (. 8.4.9.2).

	 -  㤮⢮⥫쭮 㭪樮஢ 
⢥, ⮡ ਥ   ﭨ ⫨ ⢨⥫ 
 ᮮ⢥⢨  8.1.3  I , ଠ樮   ॢ
ᨬ쭮 ⠭  (. 㭪 d  8.2.4.12).   
࠭祭 ,  ᫥⢨, , ᫨ ࠧ 㦥 ਭ⮩ 
ࠢ  ᨬ쭮 ⨬ ࠧࠬ    ,  䫠 
㦥.


8.5.6	ਥ ⢥⭮  FRMR

	ਭ ⢥  FRMR  ﭨ "ᮥ",
訡४騩 ꥪ  樨஢ ⠭ ᮥ (.
8.4.9.2).


8.5.7	ᠭ樮஢ ⢥ 

	⢨,    ।ਭ  ਥ
ᠭ樮஢ ⢥⭮ , ।  . 9/V.42.

				. 9/V.42
	⢨  ਥ ᠪ樮஢ ⢥⭮ 

Ŀ
                                                ﭨ "ᮥ" 
  ᠭ樮-  ﭨ       Ĵ
   ஢       "     ⠭ ⪫祭  ⠩-ࠢ
   ⢥    ᮥ"ᮥ ᮥ  訡  ⠩୮ 
                                                         訡   
Ĵ
  ⢥ UA      - (樮-(樮- -  - 
    F = 1          *     ஢)     ஢)      *      *  
Ĵ
  ⢥ UA      -  -  -  -  - 
    F = 0          *      *      *      *      *  
Ĵ
  ⢥ DM      - (樮-(樮- - (樮-
    F = 1                ஢)     ஢)      *     ஢)  
Ĵ
  ⢥ DM      ⠭  -  - ⠭⠭
    F = 0      ᮥ               ᮥ ᮥ 
Ĵ
⢥ RR, RNR,  -  -  -  - (樮-
  REJ;  F = 1                           *     ஢)  
Ĵ
⢥ RR, RNR,  -  -  - (樮-(樮-
  REJ;  F = 0                          ஢)     ஢)  
Ĵ
  ⢥ SREJ    -  -  - ⠭⠭
    F = 1                           ᮥ ᮥ 
Ĵ
  ⢥ SREJ    -  -  - (樮-(樮-
    F = 0                              ஢)     ஢)  


 1 -  砥 "஢"  窮 (*), 訡४騩
ꥪ  ନ஢ 㭪樮 ࠢ  襭 ⮪.

 2 - 砨, ⬥祭  "(樮஢)", ।⠢
४ ⮪ .


8.6	। 짮⥫᪮ ࠢ饩 ଠ樨

	짮⥫᪠ ࠢ ଠ ।, ᯮ
ଠ樮  ஢ UI.  UI    祭 DLCI,   
। 짮⥫᪨ .

	, । 짮⥫᪮ ࠢ饩 ଠ樨 
ந   (᫥ 祭   짮⥫), ⠪ 
᫥⥫쭮 ⭮⥫쭮 .  ࢮ 砥  UI  
।  ᫥ 襭 । ⥪饣 I , ᫨ 
।.  ஬ 砥  UI । ⮫쪮 ᫥ ਥ
⢥ত  ⢥ত I ஢.   
᫥ । I ஢  ᫥ ।  UI  ᫥
 ண 饣 ᮡ,   ⨯ । ࠢ饩
ଠ樨.

	楤  । ᨣ ࠧ뢠 (break)  䥩ᠬ
V.24 .  8.13.


8.7	ࠢ 室  訡४饣 ᮥ

8.7.1	騥 

	 楤  ᯮ짮     ﭨ "
ᮥ".

	㭪樮 ࠢ 訢 ⪫祭 訡४饣
ᮥ, ᯮ ਬ⨢  L-RELEASE.

	 , ஬ ஢ 㬥஢ ଠ, ਭ  
믮 楤 ⪫祭,  ஢.

	 騥 ⢥ত ਬ⨢  L-DATA  L-SIGNAL, 
⠪ 易     ।   襭.


8.7.2	楤 ⪫祭

	訡४騩 ꥪ  樨஢   ⪫祭
ᮥ ।祩  "४ ᮥ" (DISC).

	 -   ୮ ⮫ ਭ
⢥⭮  DM,  DISC ᥣ  ।  ⮬ P,
⠭  1.

	᫥ ⮣ 室 ⮢ ⠩ T401,  稪 
। - 㫨.

	訡४騩 ꥪ, ਭ  DISC  室 
ﭨ "ᮥ",  뤠 ⢥ UA  祭  F,
ᮮ⢥騬  P ਭ⮩  DISC. 㭪樮 ࠢ 
 뤠 樮 ਬ⨢ L-RELEASE  ⢫ 室 
ﭨ " ᮥ".

	᫨ ࠢ訩  DISC 砥 
	- ⢥ UA  ⮬ F, ⠭  1, 
	- ⢥ DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  1, ᢨ⥫騩  ⮬, 
	  訡४騩 ꥪ  㦥 室  ﭨ
	  " ᮥ",
  ३  ﭨ " ᮥ"  ⠭ ⠩ T401.

	 訡४騩 ꥪ, 뤠訩  DISC, 室
 ﭨ " ᮥ"  頥  ⮬ ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ
।⢮ 樮 ਬ⨢ L-RELEASE. ᫮ 宦  ⮬
ﭨ ।  8.8.


8.7.3	楤, 믮塞  祭 ६ ⠩ T401

	᫨ ६ ⠩ T401 ⥪  ਥ ⢥ UA  DM  ⮬
F, ⠭  1, 뤠訩  DISC :
	- ୮ ।  DISC  ᮮ⢥⢨  8.7.2;
	- ⮢ ⠩ T401; 
	- ਡ 1  稪  ।.

	᫨ 訡४騩 ꥪ ⠪   ਭ ४ ⢥ 
ᮮ⢥⢨  8.7.2 ᫥ N400 ⮪ ⠩୮ ࠢ,  
३  ﭨ " ᮥ"    ⮬ ᢮ 㭪樮
ࠢ ।⢮ 樮 ਬ⨢ L-RELEASE.


8.8	ﭨ " ᮥ"

	室  ﭨ " ᮥ":
	- ਥ  DISC  ਢ  । ⢥ DM  ⮬ F,
	  ࠢ 祭 ਭ⮣  P;
	-  ਭ  SABME, 室  믮 楤,
	  ।  8.3;
	-  ਭ ᠭ樮஢ ⢥ DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  0,
	  訡४騩 ꥪ  樨஢
	  訡४騥 楤 ⠭ ᮥ, ᫨ 
	  ᯮᮡ  ᤥ,  㭪樮 ࠢ  ࠦ,
	  ।⢮ 뤠 SABME (. 8.3.2.1);  ⨢ 砥, DM
	    ந஢; 
	-    ⨯   襭.


8.9	⮫ 㬥஢   ⢥⮢

8.9.1	 ।  ਭ  ⠭ ०

	᫨ ।  ਭ 㬥஢  ⠭ ०
(SABME  DISC) , 訡४騥 ꥪ  ᫠ ⢥
UA   ࠭. 室  㪠 ﭨ ("ᮥ", ᫨ 
뫨  SABME,  " ᮥ", ᫨ - DISC)  
⢫ ᫥ ਥ ⢥ UA. 訡४騩 ꥪ 
 ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ ।⢮ ᮮ⢥饩 ਬ⨢.


8.9.2	 ।  ਭ  ⠭ ०

	᫨ ।  ਭ 㬥஢  ⠭ ०
(SABME  DISC) ࠧ, 訡४騥 ꥪ  ᫠ ⢥
DM   ࠭. ਭ ⢥ DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  1,
訡४騩 ꥪ  ३  ﭨ " ᮥ" 
  ⮬ ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ ।⢮ 樮
ਬ⨢ L-RELEASE.


8.9.3	ᠭ樮஢ ⢥ DM   SABME  DISC

	⢥ DM  ⮬ F, ⠭  0, ⠫騩  
SABME  DISC,  ஢.


8.10	ᮢ/ 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤

8.10.1	騥 

	ਭ ਬ⨢  L-SETPARM  㭪樮 ࠢ,
訡४騩 ꥪ  樨஢ 楤, ᯮ騥 
XID  ᮣᮢ/樨 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤
 㤠 DCE. ᫨ ।   (.. 訡४饥
ᮥ 室  ﭨ "ᮥ"),  訡४騩
ꥪ  ᭠砫 । ᢮    RNR  ⮬ P,
⠭  1 (. 8.4.7),  ४ । I ஢.

	 -  室  ᮣᮢ/樨  ࠬ஢/
楤,   ⢮  楤, ࠢ騥 ।祩 I
஢.

	 襭  ᮣᮢ/樨,  祭
 ⠭ ࠬ஢/楤   ९ᠭ. ᫨
᪫⥫쭠  ⮢ 뫠 樠஢   
 祭 ࠬ஢/⠭ 楤 (. ),   
। 樮 ᮮ饭  ⪥ ਧ ᪫⥫쭮 樨
⮢.

	ࠣ 9  10 㪠뢠,  ࠬ  楤,
ᮮ⢥⢥,   ᮣᮢ/஢,  ࠣ 12.2
뢠 ஢ ଠ樮   XID.


8.10.2	楤 ᮣᮢ/樨

	ਭ ਬ⨢  L-SETPARM, 訡४騩 ꥪ
 ।   XID. ଠ樮  ⮣  
ᯮ짮  । ࠬ஢/楤,   
ᮣᮢ/஢, 㤠 訡४饬 ꥪ. ⥬
室 ⮢ ⠩ T401,  稪  । N400 -
㫨.

	 -  㯮    ᫠  ⢥
ࢮ ⮪쭮  ࠧ  ᫥ 砭 䠧 㦥 (᫨
 ᯮ)  ᫥ ⠭ 䨧᪮ ᮥ (᫨ 䠧
㦥  ᯮ), 뢠騩    । 䫠
᫥⥫쭮⥩  祭 ਮ ६, 筮 
࠭஢ ।  ࠩ  16 䫠 ᫥⥫쭮⥩.

	ਭ   XID, ᯮ㥬  ᮣᮢ/樨
ࠬ஢/楤, 㭪樮 ஫ 訡  뤠 樮
ਬ⨢ L-SETPARM ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ, ।  ᮤন
ଠ樮 .

	ਭ ⢥ ਬ⨢ L-SETPARM  ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ,
㭪樮 ஫ 訡   㥬 祭
ࠬ஢/⠭ 楤  ଠ樮  ⢥⭮  XID.

	᫨ ॡ 32-⭠ FCS,   ᮣᮢ  䠧 ⠭
⮪ (. 7.2.2), 뢠 DCE   ᯮᮡ ஫஢
஢ ᫥⥫쭮    16-⭮ FCS (. 8.1.1.6.1), ⠪
   32-⭮ FCS (. 8.1.1.6.2) ६ (  
襭 ⮫쪮 ᫨ ஫  FCS 訡祭).   ,   ਭ
 SABME, 맢 DCE ।   16-⭮ FCS. ਥ  SABME 
16-  32-⭮ FCS  ᯮ짮 ᮮ⢥饩 FCS  
᫥ ஢ ( ⮬ ஫஢ ஢   ,
16-⭮  32-⭮, FCS ६   ४饭). ਥ 
   XID  16-⭮ FCS  ਢ  ᯮ짮,
 ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠢ ᮣᮢ/樨, ⢥⭮  XID 
16-⭮ FCS.

	ਭ ⢥  XID, ᯮ㥬  ᮣᮢ/樨
ࠬ஢/楤, 㭪樮 ஫ 訡  ନ஢ ᢮
㭪樮 ࠢ ਬ⨢ ⢥ত L-SETPARM  祭,
ᮤঠ  ଠ樮 .


8.10.3	楤, 믮塞  祭 ६ ⠩ T401

	᫨ ६ ⠩ T401 ⥪  ਥ ⢥⭮  XID,
訡४騩 ꥪ :
	- ୮ ।  XID,  ᠭ ;
	- ⮢ ⠩ T401; 
	- ਡ 1  稪  । (N400).

	᫥  ।  XID N400 ࠧ  㤠  ਥ
⢥ XID, 訡४騩 ꥪ   㭪樮 ࠢ
 ⮬,  楤 ᮣᮢ/樨  襭.

	祭 N400 ।  9.2.2.


8.11	楢 

	ਭ ਬ⨢  L-TEST  ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ,
訡४騩 ꥪ  ।   TEST  ⮬ P,
⠭  0. ଠ樮   TEST  ᯮ짮 
। ଠ樨, 祭  㭪樮 ࠢ. ਬ⨢ 
L-TEST   祭    ᫥ 襭 䠧 ⠭
⮪.  ਥ     宦 㣨 ஢.

	ਭ   TEST  ⮬ P, ⠭  0,
訡४騩 ꥪ  뤠 樮 ਬ⨢ L-TEST
᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ,   ன । ⠪  ᮤন
ଠ樮  ਭ⮣  TEST.


8.12	㭪樨 ᫥

8.12.1	騥 

	 楤, ᠭ ࠭  ࠧ ࠣ 8, 
஫஢ 訡४饥 ᮥ.  ࠧ 뢠
楤,   ᯮ짮  ᯥ祭  ஫
㭪権. ᯮ짮  㭪権   易⥫.


8.12.2	஫   ࠡ  ﭨ "ᮥ"

	஢ઠ ᮥ -  㣠, ।⠢塞
訡४騬 ꥪ⮬ ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ. 
ࠧ㬥,  㭪樮 ࠢ ନ ⮫쪮  砥
- ⭮.  ⮣,  楤   ஥ 
"ଠ"  ଠ樥     䥪⨢, 祬
楤, ᭮  ਢ祭 㭪樮 ࠢ.

	楤   㯥ࢨ   ( RR,
 RNR)  ⠩ T403  ࠡ⠥  祭 ᥣ ﭨ
"ᮥ",  ᠭ .

	᫨  ஢, ।祭    訡४饬
ᮥ (  ,   ⢥ত I ஢, 
㯥ࢨ ஢  ⮬ P, ⠭  1),    
।⢠ 㦨 ﭨ ࠢ 訡४饣 ᮥ.
 T403 ।⠢ ᨬ쭮 ६, ஥ ⨬ ஢ 
 ࠬ.

	᫨ ६ ⠩ T403 ⥪, । 㯥ࢨୠ  
⮬ P, ⠭  1.  楤 饭  訡 ।
᫥⢨ ᯮ짮 ⠩ T401  稪  । N400.


8.12.3	楤 ஢ન ᮥ

8.12.3.1	 ⠩ T403

	 T403 :
	-  ⠭ ﭨ "ᮥ"; 
	- ᥣ,   ﭨ "ᮥ" ⠩ T401 ⠭.

	 ਥ I  㯥ࢨ୮ , ⠩ T403 
⮢, ᫨ ⠩ T401  .


8.12.3.2	⠭ ⠩ T403

	 T403 ⠭:
	-   ﭨ "ᮥ"  ⠩ T401; 
	-  室  ﭨ "ᮥ".


8.12.3.3	祭 ६ ⠩ T403

	᫨ ६ ⠩ T403 ⥪, 訡४騩 ꥪ 㤥
⢮ ᫥騬 ࠧ ( ⮬    㢥७,  ⠩
T401  饭,  ⥪):
	a)  稪  ।;
	b) 室  ᪫⥫  "ࠢ ⠩୮ 訡"
	   (. 8.5.3);
	c) । ᫥ 㯥ࢨ   ⮬ P, ⠭
	    1:
	   - ᫨  ᪫⥫쭮 樨 "⮢ ᮡ⢥
	     ਥ", ।  RR; 
	   - ᫨   ᪫⥫쭠  "⮢
	     ᮡ⢥ ਥ", ।  RNR;
	d)  ⠩ T401; 
	e) ନ 㭪樮 ࠢ ᫥ N400  ।.


8.13	। break

8.13.1	騥 

	ਭ ਬ⨢  L-SIGNAL  ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ,
訡४騩 ꥪ  ।   UI  ⮬ P,
⠭  0. ଠ樮    UI 
஢ ⠪, ⮡ । ᮮ饭  ࠧ뢥 (BRK)  ᮤঠ
 饭  break,  㪠뢠 㭪樮 ࠢ. ᫨
ਬ⨢  L-SIGNAL 砥  break,   ⠪  
஢  ଠ樮   UI. (. 12.3   ஢
஢ UI  । break-ᨣ.) ⢨, ।ਭ DCE (
訡४騩 ꥪ), ᠭ  . 4/V.42.

	ਭ   UI, 騩 BRK, 訡४騩
ꥪ  뤠 樮 ਬ⨢ L-SIGNAL ᢮ 㭪樮
ࠢ, ।  饭  break   , ᫨  
,   ⢮  ᮮ⢥⢨  . 5/V.42. ਭ ⢥
ਬ⨢ L-SIGNAL  ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ, 訡४騩
ꥪ  ।   ᪮॥ ⢥  UI  ⮬ F,
⠭    祭,   ᮮ⢥騩  ਭ⮣
  UI. ଠ樮  ⢥⭮  UI 
஢  । ᮮ饭, ⢥ত饣 ᮮ饭  ࠧ뢥
(BRKACK).

	ਭ ⢥  UI  ᮮ饭 BRKACK  ⢥   
UI, ।訩 ᮮ饭 BRK, 訡४騩 ꥪ  뤠
ਬ⨢ ⢥ত L-SIGNAL ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ.

	 -  ࠬ UI ᠬ  ᥡ  ᯥ稢
⢥ত饣 㦨. 魮 㭪樨 ⢥ত ਬ⨢
L-SIGNAL 㭪樮 ࠢ,    , ந⥪ 
裡  樨 ᮤন ଠ樮   ஢ UI,
   ⮣  ⢥⭮  UI  ࠭ । 
 UI.


8.13.2	६ ﭨ  ࠬ

8.13.2.1	᫥⥫  ।  ਥ

	 ⮣, ⮡ ⤥ ࢨ  UI  , 
ଠ break, 訡४騩 ꥪ  믮
᫥⥫ 樨   2  ଠ樮   UI.  8
ࢮ  ଠ樮   ᯮ짮   楫. 
ࠧ,  8 㦨 ᫥⥫ ஬ । break, N(SB), 
ᮮ饭 BRK,  ᫥⥫ ஬ ਥ break, N(RB),  ᮮ饭
BRKACK.


8.13.2.2	६ ﭨ । V(SB)

	訡४騩 ꥪ  ন ६ ﭨ
। break V(SB). V(SB)  祭 N(SB) ᫥饣 ᮮ饭 BRK,
뫠 ᫥⢨ ਥ ਬ⨢  L-SIGNAL  㭪樮
ࠢ. V(SB)  直 ࠧ,  । ᮮ饭 BRK
४⭮ ⢥ত ᮮ饭 BRKACK. 砫쭮, ᫥ ⠭
䨧᪮ ᮥ, V(SB) ਭ 祭 0;    뢠
 0   ⠭ 訡४饣 ᮥ  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
8.4.9.


8.13.2.3	६ ﭨ ਥ V(RB)

	訡४騩 ꥪ  ন ६ ﭨ
ਥ break V(RB). V(RB)   祭 N(SB) ᫥饣
ਭ ᮮ饭 BRK. ᫨ N(SB) ᫥饣 ਭ⮣ ᮮ饭 BRK
ࠢ V(RB),  V(RB)  ஢ । ࠢ ᮮ饭
BRKACK. 砫쭮, ᫥ ⠭ 䨧᪮ ᮥ, V(RB)
ਭ 祭 0;    뢠  0   ⠭
訡४饣 ᮥ  ᮮ⢥⢨  8.4.9.


8.13.3	楤 break

8.13.3.1	। ᮮ饭 BRK

	ਭ ਬ⨢  L-SIGNAL, 訡४騩 ꥪ 
। ᮮ饭 BRK    UI  ⮬ P, ⠭  0.
訡४騩 ꥪ  ⠭ 祭 N(SB) ࠢ ⥪饬
祭 V(SB), ⮢ ⠩ T401 (. 9.2.1)  㫨 稪
 । N400 (. 9.2.2).


8.13.3.2	ਥ ᮮ饭 BRK

	 訡४騩 ꥪ ਭ ᮮ饭 BRK  
 UI,   ஢, ࠢ  N(SB) ⥪饬 祭 V(RB). ᫨
ࠢ, 訡४騩 ꥪ  뤠 樮 ਬ⨢
L-SIGNAL ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ, ।   饭  break
, ᫨  ,  break-ଠ樨. 訡४騩 ꥪ 
⠪ ஢ 祭 V(RB).

	ਭ ⢥ ਬ⨢ L-SIGNAL, 訡४騩 ꥪ
 । ᮮ饭 BRKACK  ⢥⭮  UI  祭 N(RB),
ࠢ 祭 V(RB).  F ⢥⭮  UI   ⠭  
 祭,   ᮮ⢥騩  ਭ⮣   UI.

	᫨ N(SB) ਭ⮣ ᮮ饭 BRK  ࠢ V(RB), 
訡४騩 ꥪ   ᮮ饭 BRK  ୮
। ।饥 ᮮ饭 BRKACK  N(RB), ࠢ ⥪饬 祭 V(RB).
 樮 ਬ⨢ L-SIGNAL   뤠  ⮬ 砥
㭪樮 ࠢ.


8.13.3.3	ਥ ᮮ饭 BRKACK

	 訡४騩 ꥪ ਭ ᮮ饭 BRKACK 
⢥⭮  UI,   ஢, ࠢ  N(RB) ⥪饬 祭
V(SB)+1. ᫨ ࠢ, 訡४騩 ꥪ  ஢
祭 V(SB), ⠭ ⠩ ⢥ত T401  뤠 ਬ⨢
⢥ত L-SIGNAL ᢮ 㭪樮 ࠢ. ᫨ N(RB)  ࠢ
V(SB)+1,  訡४騩 ꥪ  ந஢ ᮮ饭
BRKACK.


8.13.3.4	祭 ६ ⠩ ⢥ত

	᫨ ६ T401 ⥪  ਥ ᮮ饭 BRKACK, ⢥ত饣
᫥ । ᮮ饭 BRK, 訡४騩 ꥪ  ୮
। ᮮ饭 BRK  N(SB), ࠢ ⥪饬 祭 V(SB). 
।    , 祬 N400.  㤠 ਥ BRKACK ᫥ N400
 ।    㭪樮 ࠢ.


9	 

	 ࠧ 뢠 ࠬ, 室  ࠢ쭮 ࠡ.
  ࠬ  㪠:
	a) ࠬ ᯮ 㭪樮 ࠢ  㭪樮
	   ஫ 訡;
	b) । ࠬ;
	c) ᮤন  ଠ  ࠬ   XID, , ᫨
	   ᮤন, ଠ 室  ᮣᮢ  
	   樨;
	d)   ࠬ஢,  ᮣ ࠬ XID, 
	   ࠢ ᮣᮢ; 
	e)  祭 ࠬ  㬮砭.


9.1	ࠬ 㭪樮 ࠢ

9.1.1	 䠧 㦥 (T400)

	 䠧 㦥 ࠢ ६,  祭 ண
㭪樮 ࠢ 뢠饣  ⢥饣 DCE  ADP  ODP,
ᮮ⢥⢥ (. 7.2.1). ଠ  ⮬ ⠩  । ࠬ
XID. 稢 祭   750 . ( 業 ᨬ쭮
 ६ 宦  ॡ㥬 ।  ।⢠ 裡,
騬  ⭨ ⮪,  筮 ६  ॡ㥬
।  ᪮ । , ਬ   V-਩,
 ᯮ ᨭ஭-ᨭ஭ ८ࠧ.)

	 -   ॠ 짮⥫  
।⠢ 堭 ⠭ 祭, ⫨筮  祭  㬮砭.


9.2	ࠬ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡

9.2.1	 ⢥ত (T401)

	 ⢥ত ࠢ ६,  祭 ண
訡४騩 ꥪ 㤥  ⢥ত । ⥬, 
ਡ  㣨 ⢨ (ਬ,  । ). ଠ  ⮬
⠩  । ࠬ XID.  訡४ ꥪ,
易 訡४騬 ᮥ,  ࠡ  ࠧ묨
祭ﬨ T401.

	 -  ⠩  ᬠਢ  ᪨
ࠬ.  ,     ⤥ ⠩ ⢥ত,
易   㭪樥 LAPM (ਬ, ।祩 I ஢, ।祩
ᮮ饭 BRK),  ॡ ਥ ⢥ত  祭 ६
⮣ ⠩.   ࠧ㬥 室  ⤥ 
⠩.

	 ਫ IV ਢ ࠧ 䠪, 騥  T401.


9.2.2	ᨬ쭮 ⢮  । (N400)

	N400 ࠢ ᨬ ⢮ ⮪ ୮ 믮
訡४騬 ꥪ⮬ 楤, 訢饩 ⢥. ଠ 
⮬ 稪  । ࠬ XID.  訡४ ꥪ,
易 訡४騬 ᮥ,  ࠡ  ࠧ묨
祭ﬨ N400. ᫨ 祭  㬮砭  ।  N400,  
ਭ 쭮 祭 1.


9.2.3	ᨬ쭮 ⢮   ଠ樮  (N401)

	N401 ࠢ ᨬ ⢮ ,  
ᮤঠ  ଠ樮  I ,  XID,  UI  
TEST, । 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬. 祭  㬮砭
N401   128   ।   ࠢ. ᫨ 祭 
㬮砭  㤮⢮⥫쭮  樠 ॣ஢,  ࠧ 祭
  ᮣᮢ ࠧ쭮   ࠢ ।, ᯮ
 XID. 樠 ᮣᮢ  㪠 祭 N401, ⥫쭮
 ᯮ짮   ࠢ (⢨ 祭 㪠뢠 
ᯮ짮 祭  㬮砭). ⢥騩 樠 ᮣᮢ
㪠뢠 ⠪ 祭 N401   ࠢ ।. 祭,
࠭ ⢥騬,  室  祭, ࠭
樠஬,  祭  㬮砭 ⥫쭮,   祭 
ᯮ짮  祭 ᥣ 訡४饣 ᮥ (᫨  
뫮  ᫥騬 ᮣᮢ).


9.2.4	  (k)

	k ࠢ ᨬ ᫮ I ஢,   ⠢ 
訡४饬 ꥪ (.. ⢥ত). 祭 k 
㬮砭   15   ࠢ । . ᫨ 祭
 㬮砭  㤮⢮ 樠 ॣ஢,   
ࠢ ।   ⤥쭮 ᮣᮢ ࠧ 祭,
ᯮ  XID. 樠 ᮣᮢ  㪠 祭 k,
⥫쭮  ᯮ짮   ࠢ (⢨ 祭
㪠뢠  ᯮ짮 祭  㬮砭). ⢥騩 樠
ᮣᮢ 㪠뢠 ⠪ 祭 k   ࠢ ।.
祭, ࠭ ⢥騬,  室  祭, ࠭
樠஬,  祭  㬮砭 ⥫쭮,   祭 
ᯮ짮  祭 ᥣ 訡४饣 ᮥ (᫨  
뫮  ᫥騬 ᮣᮢ).


9.2.5	 প ⢥ (T402) - 易⥫

	T402  ᨬ쭮 ६, ஥ 訡४騩 ꥪ
  ᫥ 砭 ਥ  , ॡ饣 ⢥, ।
⥬,  筥 । ᮮ⢥騩 ⢥  ⮣, ⮡ ⢥
 ࠭஢  ਭ 㤠 訡४騬 ꥪ⮬ 
祭 ६  ⠩ T401. ଠ  ⮬ ⠩  ।
ࠬ XID. ᫨ ६  ⠩ ⥪,  ⢥,  
  饭   祭,   뫠.

	 - 室  ⠩   ࠡ ⠥
।⮬ 쭥襣 祭.


9.2.6	  (T403) - 易⥫

	T403 ।⠢ ᨬ쭮 ६, ஥ 訡४騩
ꥪ  ஢   ࠬ  訡४饬
ᮥ. ଠ  ⮬ ⠩  । ࠬ XID. 
訡४ ꥪ, 易 訡४騬 ᮥ,
 ࠡ  ࠧ묨 祭ﬨ T403. ᫨  祭  㬮砭
 ।  T403,  ਭ ⭮⥫쭮 讥 祭 
⥬, ⮡ 訡   㦥   ࠭.


9.2.7	祭 DLCI

	祭 DLCI  ᭮  , । 㭪樮
஫ 訡, 㦨  䨪樨 ᮥ  
⨢묨 訡४騬 ꥪ⠬. ଠ  
祭  । ࠬ XID. 祭 DLCI ।  .
10/V.42.

				. 10/V.42
			祭 祭 DLCI

Ŀ
 祭 DLCI                ᯮ                             
Ĵ
       0        ।   DTE  DTE ( 䥩ᠬ V.24)    
      1-31        饣 ᯮ짮  樥    
     32-62       १ࢨ  ᯮ짮  樥   
       63       १ࢨ஢  । ଠ樨              
                㭪樮 ࠢ ( 쭥襣 祭)       


 - 襯ਢ 祭 DLCI ᯮ  ᭮ ,
饬    (. 8.2.1). 祭 祭 DLCI, 
 ᯮ짮 易⥫  2A (. . 8/V.42), 
।⮬ 쭥襣 祭.


10	  

	 ࠬ  樨   楤,  
 易⥫묨  ࠡ 㭪樮 ஫ 訡. :
	a) 롮筠 ୠ ।, ᯮ  SREJ  
	   ୮ । ⮫쪮  ;
	b) 楢 ,  ஬ 㭪樮 ࠢ 
	   ।, ࠡᯮᮡ   ; 
	c) ७ FCS,  ன ᯮ 32-⭠ FCS
	   (।⥫쭥, 祬 16-⭠ FCS).

	ᯮ짮  易⥫쭮 楤 ॡ ᮣᮢ
  㭪樮 ࠢ, ᯮ 堭, ਢ 
8.10. 樠 ॣ஢  롨, ॡ   ᯮ짮
⭮ 易⥫쭮 楤  . 楤 ᯮ ⮫쪮
⮣,  樠 ᮣᮢ ᨫ  ᯮ짮,  ⢥騩
ᮣᨫ  .


11	    

	訡४饥 ᮥ  祭 DLCI, ࠢ 63,
१ࢨ஢  ᯮ짮  ᮥ ।⢥ 㭪樮
ࠢ. ⮪, ᯮ㥬  㭪樮 ࠢ, 
। 쭥襣 祭.


12	  

12.1	ଠ樮   I 

	஢ ଠ樮  I ஢ ᫮ ᯮ짮
訡४饣 ᮥ (ਬ,  । , ਭ 
䥩 V.24).


12.2	ଠ樮   XID 

12.2.1	騥 

	  ଠ樮  XID  ᭮ 
஢  ⠭ ISO 8885    . 10/V.42 .
ଠ樮  ⮨  ᪮쪨 . ⨬ ﬨ 
 䨪 ଠ,     㯯 楯祪
, , ,  짮⥫᪨ .

	 ᠭ ஢     , ᠬ ࠢ
  ।⠢ 襥 祭  । .

				XID 
<--------------------------------------------------------------------------->
				ଠ樮  XID
                      <-------------------------------------------->
Ŀ
                                              
᳓ࠢ-㯯 楯-. . .      FCS
                      窨           짮⥫       
                    ଠ  (1  )                         

                                     Ŀ
                      Ĵ
                      䨪ೄ       
                         㯯    㯯볯ࠬ஢
                          (GI)      (GL)           
                      Ĵ
                   Ŀ
         Ĵ
         䨪    祭                  
           ࠬ  ࠬ࠳ࠬ࠳. . . PI  PL  PV 
              (PI)      (PL)     (PV)                    
         

				. 10/V.42
		  騩 ଠ ଠ樮  XID


12.2.1.1	 䨪 ଠ

	 䨪 ଠ (FI)     
 ⮬ ଠ樮  XID .  饬 砥, FI 
⠪ ࠧ, ⮡   । 128 ࠧ ଠ⮢,
⠭⨧ ISO,  128 ࠧ ଠ⮢, ।塞 짮⥫ﬨ.
 ISO-⠭⨧஢ ଠ 易  । 祭 FI.
쪮 ⠪ ࠧ । ଠ ⠥  饥 ६ ଠ⮬
"饣 祭".


12.2.1.2	 㯯 楯祪 

	 㯯 楯祪  ᯮ  ᠭ ࠧ
ࠪ⨪ 㯯 楯祪 , ਬ, ࠬ஢ ࠡ. 
ନ . 10/V.42,  㯯 楯窨  ⮨ 
䨪 㯯 (GI),   ,  㯯 (GL),  
,   ࠬ஢ ( ண । GL).  ࠬ, 
᢮ ।, ⠪ 砥    ,    ⮨
 䨪 ࠬ (PI),  ࠬ (PL)   祭 (PV)
( ࠬ, ,  ⮫쪮    ).


12.2.1.3	 짮⥫᪨ 

	GI    ।  ᯥ஢ 
짮⥫᪨  ᮢ⭮  FI "饣 祭".  
᫥  ᥬ ﬨ 㯯 楯祪 ,    .
10/V.42. ᫥ ଠ ࠭稢  ஢ FCS.

	 ࠬ  樨,   ⠪ ࠧ  ,
騥  PIs, PLs   PVs.


12.2.2	஢  ᮣᮢ/樨 祭
	ࠬ஢  易⥫ 楤

	ଠ樮   ஢ ⠪,  ᠭ .
ᯮ  - .

	  

	 ᮣᮢ/樨 祭 ࠬ஢  易⥫
楤  FI  ஢  "10000010"  ⮣, ⮡
஢ ISO-⠭⨧஢ FI "饣 祭".

	   

	쪮   㯯 楯窨 , 易 
"ᮣᮢ ࠬ஢",   .    祭
GI, ࠢ "10000000".  ⮣  (GL)   㠫쭮
। ଠ樨.

	 㭪,    ᮣᮢ / ஢,
 祭 PI.  . 11/V.42 ।⠢  㭪 
祭  PI.

	  

	 짮⥫᪨     ᨬ  ⮣,
믮  ᮣᮢ / .    祭 GI,
ࠢ "11111111".

	쪮  ࠬ  ⮣ , ।  
樨  饥 ६,   - "ID (䨪 - ਬ.
.) ⮢⥫".  ࠬ  ஢ 祭 PI,
ࠢ "11111111". ஢ ᮮ⢥饣  PV  ண⨢
⮢⥫. 訩  ࢮ   PV ᯮ ᫥騬
ࠧ:
	-  = 0: ID ⮢⥫  । ⮬ CCITT;
	-  = 1: CCITT-। ID ⮢⥫ (祭 
	  䨪஢  । 쭥襩 ࠧࠡ⪨).

	 ਭ ID ⮢⥫  ᯮ,  
.

				. 11/V.42
			    ࠬ/楤

Ŀ
         PI                                                              
Ĵ           ࠬ/楤                  
멳멳                                                      
Ĵ
    3     00000011 易⥫ 㭪樨 HDLC             (砭 1)
Ĵ
    5     00000101 ᨬ쭠  ଠ樮           
                   (N401)  ࠢ ।           (砭 2)
Ĵ
    6     00000110 ᨬ쭠  ଠ樮           
                   (N401)  ࠢ ਥ             (砭 2)
Ĵ
    7     00000111   (k)  ࠢ ।          
Ĵ
    8     00001000   (k)  ࠢ ਥ            


 1 -  ⮣ 㭪 ⠢ 3  (.., PL=3).   
 ⠢ 24- ,    ᮮ⢥ ᢮
易⥫쭮 㭪樨 HDLC.  1 ⮩ ᪨  訩   1,  
। ;  9  訩   2;  .. ⢥⢨ ⮢
易⥫ 楤ࠬ, ᯮ㥬   樨, ᫥饥:
- 3  楤 롮筮 ୮ । ( SREJ)
- 14 楤 楢 ஢ ( TEST)
- 17 楤 ७ FCS (32-⭠ FCS).
, ⠭  1,   /ᮣᨨ ᯮ짮 楤.
, ⠭  0,   ⢨ /ᮣ ᯮ짮
楤.
 ᮣᮢ  ࠢ ஢  ⠭ ISO 8885, ।稪
  XID  ⠭  2, 4, 8, 9, 12  16  1.
।稪 ⢥⭮  XID  ⠪ ⠭    1, 
᪫祭  16,    ⠭  0, ᫨  17
⠭  1. ਥ  ஢    ஢.

 2 - N401 ࠦ  . ,  楫 ᮣᮢ
ᯮ  "".

 3 - PL  ਭ 祭 襣 ⢠ ,
室  ࠦ 祭 ࠬ.

 4 - 祭 ࠬ஢  PI, ࠢ 5, 6, 7  8, 
஢  筮 ᫥.    । 
  訬 ⮬.  ⮬ 砥,  室 ᪮쪮  
ࠦ 祭 ࠬ,  ।   ᮤঠ
訥 .


12.3	ଠ樮   UI 

	 ᠭ ஢  1  訬 ⮬  ।
.

	  ଠ樮  UI   ஢ 
樨 ᯮ짮 ,    . 12/V.42.

				. 12/V.42
	     ஢  1 ଠ樮  UI 

	Ŀ
	                                                  
	 ᮮ饭  8     7     6     5     4     3     2     1  
	Ĵ
	   BRK      x     1     0     0     0     0     0     0  
	  BRKACK    x     1     1     0     0     0     0     0  
	

	 1 - ,  㪠  ., - १ࢨ஢.

	 2 - ⠭ 祭 x 㦤 .


12.3.1	஢ ᮮ饭 BRK

	஢ ᮮ饭 BRK ।⠢  . 11/V.42.  8  1
ᯮ  ⢥ ᫥⥫쭮    2 (. 8.13.2.1).

	   BREAK

	樨 饭  break   "DS", :
	-  "D" ( 8  2)  㪠뢠  ,  
	  뢠 ࠭ ,    । :
	  D=0 -   
	  D=1 -  
	-  "S" ( 7  2)  㪠뢠  ,   break
	  ।  浪 饩 ।:
	  S=0 - break   祭  浪 㯫 ⭮⥫쭮
		, 㯨  break
	  S=1 - break  ।⢮ ᥬ ࠭ ਭ,   
		祭 .

	 BREAK

	 break,  易⥫쭮,   筮 ᫥
  3  10-ᥪ㭤 ,   1  訩 . 祭
"11111111"  ᯮ짮  樨 break, ॢ饣 2.54
ᥪ㭤. ⢨  break  ਭ⮬ ᮮ饭 BRK 
஢  break 㬠稢 .

	   8     7     6     5     4     3     2     1
	Ŀ
	  x     1     0     0     0     0     0     0    1
	Ĵ
	   樨                                      
	 饭           १ࢨ஢                2
	   break                                     
	Ĵ
	                   break                        3
	

				. 11/V.42
		ଠ ଠ樮  UI  break


12.3.2	஢ ᮮ饭 BRKACK

	饭 BRKACK ᮤন ⮫쪮  .  8  1
ᯮ  ⢥ ᫥⥫쭮    2 (. 8.13.2.1).


12.4	ଠ樮   TEST 

	ଠ樮   TEST  ᯮ 㭪樮 ࠢ
 ⢥  楢 . ᪮ ᯥ䨪樨  ᯥ樠쭮
஢ ⮣     樨, 㭪樮
ࠢ ᠬ  ࠭஢,    㭨  ⠪,
   ஢ ᯥ譮 襭 ஢.


	 

[1]	 Q.920 CCITT. 㯯 楯窠  䥩
	짮⥫- ISDN - 騥 ᯥ

[2]	 Q.921 CCITT. 䥩 짮⥫- ISDN -
	ᯥ䨪  㯯 楯 

[3]	 V.14 CCITT. । -⮯ ᨬ 
	ᨭ஭  裡

[4]	 V.24 CCITT. 祭 ।  楯, 뢠
	ନ   ன⢮ । 

[5]	 X.3 CCITT. ।⢠ ⭮ 㯠/ᯠ (PAD) 
	  饣 㯠.

[6]	ISO 3309. ଠ樮  - 楤 ᮪஢
	ࠢ  ।  -  

[7]	ISO 4335. ଠ樮  -  楤 ᮪஢
	ࠢ  । 

[8]	ISO 7809. ଠ樮  - 楤 ᮪஢
	ࠢ  ।  - ꥤ ᮢ 楤

[9]	ISO 8885. ଠ樮  - 楤 ᮪஢
	ࠢ  ।  - ন  ଠ
	ଠ樮  XID  饣 祭

---------------

@	ॢ: ᠭ ᪮, ᪢, . (095) 467 9568;
		" ⥬", 115551, ᪢, / 83,
				. (095) 194 0961, (095) 391 9884.
