                                     1


                                      1 6 





                               1. 



        1.1. 祬  ணࠬ 

        ⥬ SPECTRUM (-SP)  ᭠  16  ﭭ  ,

   饩  ᥡ:

        1) 樮 ⥬

        2)  BASIC

        3)  96 .

        ROM  ᮤন  ணࠬ  ,       

   0000-3FFF   ⠭⭮ ⥬ SP       ६饭  

    ᮢ. , ᯮ   㫥  ,  

   ࢮ , 믮塞 ᫥ 祭 ⠭.

        ணࠬ  㦨 祭  ᫥騬 稭:

        1) ணࠬ  ᥣ 㯭  맮  ணࠬ

    設 , ᠭ 짮⥫.    ᮧ

   ⪨ 짮⥫᪨ ணࠬ;

        2) ணࠬ  뢠,  SINCLAIR  RESEARCH  訫

   ।  ஡,     孨      襭      

   ᪮஢;

        3) ணࠬ    -    ணࠬ      設   

   筮  ࠧ஢,  ⥫쭮  ᬮ,    

   ஢  ணࠬ.

           ⥯  㦤 ᭠砫  ᯮ

   "⥬ ",  ⥬ -   ⤥쭮.










                                     2


                     2. " "  

        짮⥫ ⥬ SP    ,    ய  

   業 ⥬ ᫥ ணࠬ  設  ,  ᮤঠ饩  

   16 ROM,    ⮣  ,      ⥬      ⠭.

   ⢥ ᪫祭   ⮣  뢠  믮  ணࠬ  

   , ᠭ 짮⥫.

        짮⥫ SP  ।⠢    設,    

   ணࠬ ப BASIC     ।⢥  ०,    

   ஬  ஥ BASIC-ணࠬ.

        ப  BASIC      믮        

   ᯮ짮    ப   BASIC      ࠭   

   ணࠬ. ⥬ SP  ᫮, ᪮   BASIC

   뢠 ஢ ᨭ⠪ ப BASIC ०, 祬 뢠  

    ணࠬ     ᨬ      ⮣,   믮   

   ।⢥  ।⠢  ணࠬ.



        2.1. 樮 ⥬

        祭 ணࠬ  稭, ⢥,  ணࠬ

   INITIALIZATION,  ᪠   ᫥  祭  ⠭,

    ᫥ 室  0000  (RAND USR 0).



        2.1.1. 樠 (INITIALIZATION)

         ணࠬ   0000-0007  11CB-12A1.  ᭮묨

   砬   ஢ઠ     ⠭  ⥬

   ६.   ஡  ᬮ  .  ணࠬ  樠樨

   稢  ᮮ饭 SINCLAIR RESEARCH    

   ࠭. ᫥  ⨬  ணࠬ MAIN EXECUTION.

        2.1.2. ᭮ ᥭ (MAIN EXECUTION)

         ணࠬ     122-15.    ⥬  SP  

   ணࠬ,  ᫥  ,  믮  ᭮  㭪樨  




                                     3


   .

         ணࠬ 뢠 (᫨ 室) ணࠬ LIST  EDITOR

    SYNTAX  CHECKER,  ᫨  ப  BASIC      ணࠬ

   .    砥   ।⢥   믮   ப   BASIC

   뢠 ணࠬ LINE-RUN,    ப  .  

      ᥡ  㣨  ப  BASIC.  ⥬  

   饭    ணࠬ  LINE-RUN  뤠  ᮮ饭.   

   ᮮ饭   訡  室      1391-1536.    

   "" 砫 MAIN EXECUTION ਢ      맮  ணࠬ

   EDITOR.

        2.1.3.  (EDITOR)

          ணࠬ      0F2C-10A7.  ணࠬ  EDITOR

    짮⥫  ப BASIC    ࠭.

    ⢨⥫쭮 ப ନ     ।஢,  

   ⥬   ᯫ .

        짮⥫   ᨬ   ࠢ  ஬,  

   ᮮ⢥騥  ணࠬ   뢠         室.

   ࠢ騥      ENTER  뢠      ணࠬ  MAIN

   EXECUTION.

          ⠭⭮  ⥬  SP      ணࠬ  EDITOR  

   ⢥  १  .  ⮬  ணࠬ   KEYBOARD-INPUT

   뢠   ணࠬ   EDITOR.      맮   ࠢ   १

   ଠ樮  .

        2.1.4. KEYBOARD-INPUT

        ணࠬ   108-111C.    ணࠬ    

   ᫥ ࠭   ,       ⥬

   ६ LAST-K.

           ணࠬ   믮      樨,   ਬ,

   ⠭ 䫠 CAPS LOCK    䨪    砥  ன  

   ࠢ饩  梥  ⥬ ६.




                                     4


        2.1.5. KEYBOARD

          1/50  ᥪ㭤  뢠  ᫥    ந

   ᪠஢  .     5   ⤥   ணࠬ,

   易    ᭮  ணࠬ   KEYBOARD,   饩   

   02BF-030F. ⢥ ᪠஢  믮 ணࠬ

   KEY-SCAN,  饩    02BE-02BE.  ணࠬ   頥

   ᮮ⢥饥 祢 票    ॣ஢    DE,  ஥

   㣨 ணࠬ  ᯮ  票  .

        2.1.6. PRINT-OUTPUT

            ணࠬ,  㦤  ,    

   㣨,  ⠪ ⠢  樮 ⥬ SP.

        ணࠬ PRINT-OUTPUT  ᯮ      09F4-0D4C  

     ᠬ  । 㣨 ணࠬ.  ணࠬ,

    魮, 뢠 樥 "RST 0010". ,  饭  

   09F4,      ଠ樮     .   "RST   0010"

   ।,   , 室饬  ॣ  A,  饭  

   ⥫  ࠭      ⠭    ਭ.   ,

   ।騩 ,  ணࠬ ୮  .    ⥬  SP

   ணࠬ  PRINT-OUTPUT  祭  魠,   ᪮      ᨬ   

   ࠢ騥  뢮  ⮩  ணࠬ.

         砥 뢮   ࠭  ⥫  ⥪    

     ᮮ⢥ ⥬  ६,    

   ᭮  ࠭.      ।    樨  

   ,  ⠪ ᮮ⢥騩   ᯫ  䠩  (

    窠  ). ணࠬ PRINT-OUTPUT  ணࠬ,

     室 뢠  । 64   ᨬ  

   " "  ᮮ⢥饥    ᯫ  䠩.  㣨

   ணࠬ   ਡ⮢   ⮩    ᨬ,  

   祭  ᮤন      ᮮ⢥   ⥬   ६.

   ,  ⠭      "  ",  




                                     5


   ᨬ, ।塞 짮⥫ -   UDG,   ६ 

   ᪨    室.

          ਢ  । ᨬ   ਭ

    ᫥饣   뢮       ਭ;    ࠢ騥    ᨬ

   .

         ⥬ SP  ᨬ,   ⠥    ⥫࠭

    ਭ, ନ ணࠬ  PRINT-OUTPUT.    䠪,  

   ணࠬ ਬ   ࠧ ,   ணࠬ

   쭮 , , ᬮ  ,  祭 .



        2.2.  BASIC

        ⥯ 뢠   ஢ન ᨭ⠪, ⠪   

   믮 ப.  襩     ணࠬ  ᯮ  

    㭪権 䫠 ᨭ⠪/믮, ⮡ ।,   

   権   믮.

        ਬ,  ப LET A=1  ᭠砫  ஢  ᨭ⠪,  

   ⥬ ६  ᢠ 祭 1. ⮬  ⠪  

     㤮 ᬠਢ ᨭ⠪᪨    㬬

   ⤥ 㭪権 "믮⥫ ப", ᬮ  ,    ॠ쭮

   ⮣ .

         BASIC ⮨  ᪮쪨 ⥩.

        1)  . ᯮ    1A48-1B16.  ন

     ,  ᨬ-ࠧ⥫      ணࠬ  믮

   .

        2) ࠢ ணࠬ. ᯮ     1B17-1C00  

   ᮤন , 騥 ᬠਢ  BASIC   

   㣨,   ॡ  ணࠬ. 窮 室    ᨭ⠪᪨

      1B17,   믮⥫ ப - 1B8A.

        3) ணࠬ  . ᯮ   1C01-1CDD 

     ࠧ      ࠬ஢      BASIC.




                                     6


   ਬ,  NEXT ⭮   4,  ॡ   ᮡ

    ६;  POKE ⭮   8,  ॡ

    ᫮ ࠦ, ࠧ ⮩.

        4) ணࠬ . 設⢮ ணࠬ   ᯮ

      1CDE-24FA.  ணࠬ  ,  易    楤ࠬ

   /뢮,  筮  室    樮  ⥬     

   ணࠬ .

        ணࠬ      50   BASIC,  

   믮  ணࠬ   ᮡ⢥ ࠡ .

         ஢  BASIC      ந஢

   ᫥騬 ਬࠬ.  ᬮਬ    10  CLS,  

   ண . 砫 ᬠਢ .  襬  砥  -

    "CLS",   㬥⮢.  ⠡  室  

   ணࠬ  ⮩  (0D6B).

        ணࠬ  믮 뢠  ࠭ ᯫ  

   ⠭ ॡ㥬 ਡ ⮢.  ணࠬ  ࠢ  ⥬

   室  樨 ᫥饣 .  騩  

   20 GO TO 50.   "GO TO" ணࠬ  ᯮ  

    1E67.  ⮩ ணࠬ ࠭    ᯥ  

   頥    ⥬  ६  NEWPPC  ⠪,    ࠢ

   ணࠬ ᬠਢ  ப 50    ᫥騩  

   樨.

         ப 20 GO TO 50 ᨬ    BASIC  "GO  TO"  

   "" (    稥)    ᬠਢ        ࠦ.    

   ᬠਢ 砥  ८ࠧ  ࠦ  ,  ⠪  

   祭, 祭  १  "5"  "0",    

   १ 50.   SP    ⥯  BASIC    ᫮

   ८ࠧ⥫ ࠦ   ⥯ 㤥 㦤.

        5) ८ࠧ⥫ ࠦ.    ணࠬ    

   24FB-28B1.  ⥬ SP १, 稢訩 ᫥ ८ࠧ




                                     7


   ࠦ,    ᫮  ப. ᫮ १

   頥      饥   祭      5   孨   

   ୮ ⥪.    砥  ப  १  5  ⮢

   ।⠢ ᮡ  ࠬ஢, । ப.  ࠦ

   ८ࠧ ᫥ ࠢ.  ,    訩  ਮ,

   믮 । 樥    訬 ਮ⮬.

        । 樨, ⠪   FN,  RND,  PI,  INKEY$,  BIN,

   SCREEN$, ATTR  POINT, 믮  ᯮ짮 ८ࠧ⥫

   ࠦ,    㣨 CALCULATOR ᯮ.

            ६    BASIC    ᯮ        ࠦ,

   ८ࠧ⥫  ࠦ  砥  ᮮ⢥饥  祭  

   ६, 뢠 ணࠬ 䨪樨 ⮩ ६.

        6) ணࠬ ६.    ணࠬ    

   28B2-2ACB.  ணࠬ  ⥪饥 祭    ࠬ

     ६      ६.      砥   ᨢ

   ࠢ      ।  ०,  祬

   ࠢ  祭      饭,      砥,   ᫨

   ᯮ  ப ६,    ࠬ    

   ᮮ⢥騬 ࠧ ⮢.

        7) 蠭 䬥᪨ ணࠬ.  ணࠬ ,

       2C38-2F9A,  ᮤন    䬥᪨

   ணࠬ.     STACK-BC  (    2D2B),  

   ८ࠧ ⥪饥 祭, ᮤঠ饥  ॣ஢  BC,  

   饥 祭  ୮  ⥪,    PRINT-FP  (

    2DE3),   孥 祭 ୮  ⥪,

   ८ࠧ      ⠥  ⥫࠭    

   ਭ.

        8) .      ᫮  ணࠬ,  

    2F9B-386D. 筮 뢠     RST  0028,    ᢮

   । 믮饩 室   3358.     




                                     8


   ⮨  66 ணࠬ,        믮  ࠧ

   ⢨. 맮  ணࠬ ⢫     CALL,

     ᯮ짮  ࠫ      16-묨   祭ﬨ   00-41.

   ਬ, ࠫ "04" ⥭ "CALL 30CA"   ਢ    ⮬

     孨 祭 ୮ ⥪   

   祭, 騬  १⮬.  ⥫쭮  "04"  

   ࠫ, ᯥ稢騬 㬭. ࠫ "17" ⥭ "CALL

   359C"    믮    ⥭樨  ப.      ࠫ

     ணࠬ    (DEFB - । ⮢),

   ᫥騥     "RST  0028".  ᫥  DEFB  ᥣ  

   祭  "38",  ஥  믮  襭  樨  ,  ⠪

   ࠧ,  ⮬  .

        ணࠬ "TAN"

   37DA   EF   RST 0028  맮 , 祭 㦥 
                         ୮ ⥪
   37DB   31   DEFB+31   㡫஢              ,
   37DC   1F   DEFB+1F   "sin"                     X,sin X
   37DD   01   DEFB+01                    sin X,X
   37DE   20   DEFB+20   "cos"                 sin X,cos X
   37DF   05   DEFB+05                   tg X
   37E0   38   DEFB+38   
   37E1   C9   RET          設 ;
                         孥 祭  ୮
                         ⥪ 﫮    tg X

        稭  祭  ⮩  ᯥ樠쭮   ⥬   ᯮ짮

    RST 0028  ᫥騬   ࠫ ⮨  ⮬,  

    ᮪頥 ணࠬ  設 . ਬ, ਢ  ,

   ᯮ ⮫쪮 8 ᮢ ,   ६   ᯮ짮  5

    CALL   JP ॡ  18  ᮢ.  祭  

   ᯮ짮   ணࠬ, ᠭ 짮⥫.  

      ⮬, ⮡ ࠢ쭮 ࠡ    

   ⥪.



        2.2.1.  

           "ᯮ㥬   "   386E-3CFF,    




                                     9


   ।  ,   3D00-3FFF.   

   ᮤন 96  ᨬ,      ᯮ  64  .

   騩 ਬ 뢠    :

   3D58   DEFB+00    '00000000'
   3D59   DEFB+00    '00000000'
   3D5A   DEFB+08    '00001000'
   3D5B   DEFB+08    '00001000'     "+"
   3D5C   DEFB+3C    '00111110'
   3D5D   DEFB+08    '00001000'
   3D5E   DEFB+08    '00001000'
   3D5F   DEFB+00    '00000000'

        ணࠬ BASIC,  뢠  :

   20 FOR A=15616 TO 16376 STEP 8
   30 FOR B=0 TO 7 : LET F=PEEK(A=B) : GO SUB 300 : NEXT B
   40 PRINT
   50 PRINT TAB 2;"'";CHR$(32+(A-15516)/8);"'"
   60 INPUT A$
   70 CLS
   80 NEXT A
   90 STOP
   300 REM BINARY OF F
   310 FOR N=7 TO 1 STEP -1
   320 LET P=2!N
   330 PRINT CHR$(48+INT(F/P));
   340 LET F=F-INT(F/P)*P
   350 NEXT N
   360 PRINT INT(F)
   370 RETURN

        ப   60      ⮩   ணࠬ        짮⥫

   ᫥⥫쭮 ᫥   96    .





                   3.    

        ணࠬ  ⥯ 㤥 㦤 ᥪ    ᥪ樥  

   ⮬ 浪,    ࠧ  ROM.

        0000-0007  "RST   0000".   ࢮ砫   ;   

   ᪨㥬 뢠,  頥  ॣ  ,  ॣ஢    DE

   㦠  祭  FFFF  (孥  祭      RAM)   

   ந室 室   11CB.

        0008-000F "RST 0008". ணࠬ 訡. 設 ⥪ 頥

    뤠 ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭.




                                    10


        0010-0012  "RST   0010".   窠   室   ணࠬ   PRINT-A.

   ⢫ 室   15F2.

        0018-0024 "RST 0018"  "RST 0020". 砥 ⥪騩 ᨬ,  

    㪠뢠 CH-ADD,  ᫥騩.

        0028-0029 "RST 0028". 室   335B,   

   ⮢ ᮬ .

        0030-0037 "RST 0030"  BC-SPACE.  室      169E  

   뤥   ࠡ祩 .

        0038-0052  ணࠬ  ࠡ⪨  ᪨㥬  뢠.  

   ॠ쭮  ६         ⢫   ᪠஢

    맮   02BF.

        0066-0072 ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ ᪨㥬 뢠, 

   १᪠ ⥬, ᫨   5CB0 ᠭ 0.

        0095-0204  祢 ᫮. ணࠬ BASIC 뢠 

   ⠡:

   10 REM TOKEN TABLE PRINTER
   20 FOR A=149 TO 516
   30 LET B=PEEK A
   40 IF B<128 THEN PRINT CHR$(B); : GOTO 60
   50 PRINT CHR$(B-128)
   60 NEXT A

        0205-028D  .  6 ⠡  -      

      ०.   1  ⠡  (0205-022B),

    ᮤন 祭   ASCII   㪢  .

        028E-02BE ணࠬ KEY-SCAN. 祭   頥  

   ॣ஢   DE.      뢠,  ᫨  ६

    ᫨誮    .  筮  ॣ    㪠뢠  

    (16-筮 00-27),   ॣ  D  㪠뢠,    ॣ

     ࠭.

        02BF-03B4  ணࠬ  KEYBOARD.     ணࠬ,   

   ᯥ稢  ७     祭  

    祭 ॡ㥬  . ᫨    ਭ,

        ⥬ ६ LAST-K,     5  FLAGS



                                    11


   ⠭, ⮡ ᨣ஢  稨  .

        03B5-03F7 ணࠬ BEEPER.  室  ॣ஢    HL

   ᮤন  ॡ㥬 ,  ॣ஢   DE  ᮤন  

   ⥫쭮.     ⮭,  ᮤঠ    HL  

   祭 +FFFF,  祭 㡮        ⠢  

   ⮩. 祭 ⥫쭮 ᮫⭮      㢥祭  ⠪

   ,   祭  ⮭  㬥襭,    ⮣,  ⮡  

     ⥫쭮.

        03F8-046D  ணࠬ    BEEP.    ணࠬ  ப

   ᯮ    ⥫쭮    ⮭  

   ᮮ⢥騥 祭  ॣ஢   HL    DE.  

   ⠡ 12   ᥫ  (046-04A8)    祭  ࠢ

   祭 ⮭.

        04AA-04C1 ணࠬ  SAVE, LOAD, VERIFY   MERGE.  

    ⮩ ᥪ樨 ணࠬ  ᫥騥:

        04C2-053E  ணࠬ  SAVE-BYTES.  ।  ⢮   ,

   㪠  ॣ஢  DE, 稭    ,  ࠭饣  

   ॣ (IX),  䮭   砫  થ஬    ⮬

   ⭮.

        053F-0555 ணࠬ 砭 SAVE/LOAD.

        0556-0604 ணࠬ LOAD-BYTES. 㦠    ᮯ⠢

   ,  ⢮    㪠    ॣ஢     DE,   

   䮭. ஢   IX  㪠뢠      

   㧪.    ७  襭     樨   䨪樨   

   ⠭  樨 㧪  .

        SAVE-BYTES    LOAD-BYTES  ᯮ     ࠡ      

   , ⠪    .

        0605-075F 窠 室   ணࠬ. 室   

   0605.         ﬨ  ⠫    

   ࠡ祩    饩     BASIC.




                                    12


        0760-096F      易    㧪,  䨪樥   

     뢠 LOAD/BYTES.

        0970-090   易    ࠭    ᮢᥬ  .

   ,  ।祭                 ࠭,

   뢠,       ᮮ饭   "   ".   ⥬

    ᮮ饭 "  "      ⨥.

   ᫥ ⮣ 뢮    १ ᥪ㭤 -  .

        091-09F3 饭, 易  ࠡ⮩ 䮭.

        09F4-0D4C ணࠬ PRINT-OUTPUT.    ਭ    1

   FLAGS   ⠭  襭  뢮  ⥫࠭.

        묨 ﬨ ⮩ ᥪ樨  :

        09F4-0A0E ,    ⠭,  ।

   ࠢ騬 ᨬ.   砥   ⥪    

    - . 003.

        011-022  ࠢ ᨬ.

        023-0D8   ணࠬ,  騥      ࠢ騬

   .

        0D-002  ணࠬ STORE.    

   ࠭  ᮮ⢥ ⥬ ६.    

    㪠뢠  ᭮  ࠭,     ࠭  

    ਭ.

        003-023    ணࠬ FETCH.

        024-0D ணࠬ   PRINT-ANY.    ᮡ

   ணࠬ  ।⠢  ᮡ      ணࠬ   

   ᨬ  ⥬ SP.

         室 ॣ஢  HL ᮤন  砫    ,

      ⠭ ᨬ (DF-CC  ). ஢

     ᮤন ⥪騥 祭  ப      (S-POSN

    ),  ॣ  ᮤন  ᨬ.  砫  

    ᨬ ᮤন    ,    UX,  




                                    13


   ୮  ,  ⮡  㢨    ०  OVER  

   INVERSE (  ࠧ)    ᨬ. ⥬  横

   07-0C4 ଠ  ᨬ            ᯫ

   ,    ਭ.

        0BDB-0C09 ணࠬ ⠭ ਡ⮢. ᫥ ⮣,  ᨬ

   ⠭,  ਡ⮢  ᨬ     ⠭.  

   砥  ᥡ   ନ஢ 祭 ਡ    ⥬

   ६ ATTR-T, MASK-T  P-FLAG.   祭  ࠡ뢠

   ᮢ⭮,  १饥 祭  ࠭      祭

   ਡ.

        0C0A-0C54  ணࠬ    ᮮ饭    祢   ᫮.

   室 窮   ᮮ饭    0C0A,      

   祢 ᫮ 0C10.  砥  ᮮ饭  ॣ஢    DE

   ᮤন  ⠡ ᮮ饭 (祭    ,  祬

   7F)  ॣ A ᮤন    ᮮ饭  (稭    ).  

   ᨬ       ,        ""

   ᨬ.   砥    祢  ᫮        0C10

   㦠  ॣ஢  DE  砫    ⠡  祢

   ᫮ 0095.

        0C55-0D4C  ணࠬ  SCROLL.  直  ࠧ,      ᨬ

   ⠥  ⥫࠭,   ⥪    ஢  

   ।  室  த  ࠭.  ᫨   த

   室,  ⠥ ᮮ饭-᪠      ⨥

   .

        0D4D-0D6A ணࠬ ⠭ ६ 梥⮢ ࠪ⨪.

    쪠  ணࠬ ᯮ      .

   ᫨ ᭮   ࠭    ᯮ,    ⥬

   ६ ATTR-P  MASK-P,  ࠭ ﭭ ࠪ⨪

   梥,   ATTR-T  MASK-T.  ⥬  ६  P-FLAG

      (ﭭ 祭)   (६).




                                    14


   ,  ᯮ   ࠭, ⥬ ६

   ATTR-T    ६  BORDER,      ६

   MASK-T.         ६   P-FLAG,    ࠭騥    ६

   ࠪ⨪ 梥, 뢠.

        0D6B-0EAB ணࠬ   CLS.    ⪨  ࠭  

   ⥬ SP 砥  ᥡ   ᮢ ࠭  

   㫥묨 祭ﬨ  ᮢ   ਡ⮢  ᯥ஢묨

   祭ﬨ.  ணࠬ    ᯮ   ணࠬ   CL-LINE

   (0E44-0E87)   ⪨  24  ப  ࠭  .  த

   ࠭ ॠ ணࠬ CL-SCROLL (0E00-0E43).

        0EAC-0F2B ணࠬ  ਭ.

        0EAC-0ECC ணࠬ  COPY. 176   ।

   ।⢥  ਭ.

        0ECD-0EF3 ணࠬ COPY-BUFF.  ন    ਭ

   ।  ਭ.

        0EF4-0F2B ⢥ ணࠬ PRINTER.

        0F2C-10A7  EDITOR.     ண렬      짮⥫

   ᮧ ப   BASIC'    ।᪮    .  

    ⨨ , ᮯ஢ 㪮  ᨣ,  

   ᨬ   祢  ᫮    ணࠬ  ADD-CHAR  (0F81-0F91)

       ।㥬  ப.    0FA0-0FA8   ᮤঠ

   ⠡  (16-筮 07-0F)   ।஢,   ᥪ

   0FA9-10A7 ᮤন ࠧ ணࠬ ࠡ⪨  .

        ਬ砭: EDITOR ⠪ 뢠  ணࠬ   INPUT

                      짮⥫ ᮧ 室 ப 

                    ࠡ祩 .

        10A8-111C   ணࠬ   KEYBOARD-INPUT.      ணࠬ

   ᮡࠥ 祭  LAST-K   ,   5 FLAGS 뢠,

      .  ᫨    "⠥",  ⠭

   䫠 ७  䫠 . ⠭ 䫠 CAPS LOCK  ࠡ뢠




                                    15


     10DD-1DE5.  3 FLAGS 2   ࠧ,  

   ᥪ 믮.

        ⠭ MOODS, ᯮ  GRAPHICS    ॣ  

   SYMBOL SHIFT  ॣ, ࠡ뢠   10E9-10F3.  

   10FA-111C 易  ⠭ K-DATA,  ᫨  뫠    ஢

   .

        111D-11B6 ணࠬ ED-COPY. ᪠ ப  室

   ப,  ஥    ।᪮    ࠡ祩  ,  ⮩

   ணࠬ ᢥ稢  ⥫࠭.

        11B7-11CA ணࠬ  NEW.   믮 樨

   ⥬ ,  ⠢    ६  RAMTOP,

   P-RAMT, RASP, PIP  UDG.  த  INITIALIZATION.

        11CB-12A1  室 ॣ A ᮤন 祭 "0"  

   ⥬      FF    樨  NEW.  ᭮   

   ணࠬ:

        11CC-11CF  ⥫࠭ ⠭ .

        11D0-11D9  I ⠭  3F.   ᯮ

    樨 ⥫ ᨣ.

        11DA-11EF ணࠬ RAM-CHECK.   ,  稭  

   4000   RAMTOP.  室  ॣ஢    HL  ᮤন  

   ᫥ ਣ  ᯮ짮 祩 .

        11F0-11FF  砥 樨 NEW    ᥪ  ᯮ  

   १ 祭 P-RAMT, RASR, PIP  UDG.  ⥬  

   믮 ⮩ ᥪ樨 ᫥.

        1200-1218   ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⥬ .

   䨪 짮⥫ ⠭  A  U ஢   

           UDG.  ६  PIP,  RASP      P-RAMT

   樠.

        1219-1234 ⥬ ६ CHAR  S  ⠭  ࠢ

   3000,  ࣠ 設 ⥪. ⠭ ० 1  ⥬




                                    16


   뢠. ஢   IY    5C3A,    ࠧ

   ᪨㥬 뢠.    ⮣      訢

    1/50 ᥪ.

        1235-1243 砫쭠 ଠ        

   .

        1244-127B 樠  ⥬ ६.  ਬ,

   ६ ﭭ ࠪ⨪ 梥 ⠭ ⠪, ⮡

   뫨 " ୨", " 㬠", " ".

        127C-1285  砫    ⮪        12

   ᮢ STRMS.  ।⠢ ᮡ ⮪  -3  +3.

        1286-12A1 頥  ਭ, 頥 ࠭,  ଥ

   ᮮ饭 ⠥    ࠭.

        12A2-15AE ணࠬ MAIN EXECUTION.

        12A2-12E1 ᭮  横    ஥    ᫥⥫쭮

   뢮 ணࠬ BASIC. ⠪  ப ஢,   ᫨

   ᨭ⠪ ࠢ,  ப    ணࠬ.

        12E2-1302 ।⢥ ப BASIC,  諠 ஢

    ᨭ⠪,   ஢.       1303

   蠥   ᨬ  稭.

        1303-1390 ⢥騥 ᮮ饭      ࠭,  

   横    12AC.

        1391-1554  ᮮ饭    訡.  ଥ  ᮮ饭

   ⠪ 室  ⮩ ⠡.

        1555-15  ⥫쭠    ணࠬ   MAIN   EXECUTION.

   ᯮ  ஢ ப BASIC      ।  

   ᮮ⢥饥  ணࠬ .  ஢ ப  

   ஬,  㦥 , ந室 饭.

        15F-15C5 砫쭠 ⠡  .

        15C6-15D3 砫쭠 ⠡  ⮪.

        15D4-1651 ணࠬ 㦨 . 室      




                                    17


   ணࠬ   15D4. ணࠬ      

     맮 ணࠬ KEYBOARD-INPUT   ,

    ⠭ 䫠 ७. 室 15EF  15F2  뢠  

   ᨬ. 室 ⠭⭮ ⢫ १ PRINT-OUTPUT.  ࢠ

   窠 室  ᯮ      ,    窠  -  

    ᨬ  祢 ᫮.

        1652-16E4  ணࠬ.

        1652-1654 ணࠬ ONE-SPACE. 筮  뤥  

   ।᪮    ࠡ祩   ப BASIC.

        1655-1663 ணࠬ TAKE-ROOM. 饥 祭  ॣ஢

    BC  뢠,                뤥,

   ஥஢  HL 㪠뢠, ᫥       

    뤥 ॡ㥬 .

        1664-168 ணࠬ  POINTERS.    㪠⥫    VARS  

   STKEND  室 .

        168F-169D ணࠬ ᡮ  ப.    

   砫 ப BASIC  ப ᮡࠥ  ॣ஢  DE.

        169E-16AF  ணࠬ  RESERVE.   ॡ㥬      

    㯥  ࠡ祩 .

        16B0-16D8   ணࠬ  ⪨.    室  16B0  頥

   ।᪠ ப,  ६  ࠡ      

   ⥪.    室  16BF  頥  ६   ࠡ      

    ⥪,   ६,   室 16C5 頥  ⮫쪮

    ⥪.

        16DB-16E5 ணࠬ  樨.  ᯮ    ࠧ

   ਬ ᪠  ⠡栬.

        165-1792 ணࠬ  CLOSE    OPEN.  ⨥  

   ⮨  饭 ⫨筮     祭    ᮮ⢥

   ६ STRMS  ⮣ .

        ਬ, PRINT PEEK  23584  ଠ쭮  ᮤন  "0",  




                                    18


   뢠,   5 .  ᫥ OPEN   5,  "K"  PRINT  PEEK

   23584    "0".      ணࠬ  ஢,    

   뢠  뢠 ࠢ쭮.

        1793-1794  ⠭⭮ SP  ᯮ짮    CAT,  ERASE,

   FORMAT  MOVE  ਢ    뤠  ᮮ饭    訡  "

   ⮪".

        1795-147  ணࠬ  ⨭.  室  1795   ᯮ   MAIN

   EXECUTION  ࠡ⪨ ⮬᪮ ⨭, 室  17F5  -  

   LLIST  室 17F9 ᮡ⢥  LIST.   ணࠬ  ⮩

   ᥪ樨  ⥯ 㦤.

        1855-18B5  ணࠬ    ப  BASIC.     ணࠬ

   뢠  ୮  ࠢ騬  ணࠬ      

   ப BASIC. ணࠬ 18C1-18E0 뢠  ,  砥

   室,    ᨬ.  ⥫쭮      

   ᨬ  祢 ᫮.

        190E-197F ணࠬ LINE-ADDR.  ணࠬ ᯮ

    ᪠ 砫쭮  ப BASIC   ணࠬ.

        19B8-19D4 ணࠬ NEXT-ONE.

        19E5-19FA ணࠬ ࠢ.  ࠢ,  

   室  ஢,  믮  ⮩  ணࠬ.   ࢮ砫쭮

   ࠢ 㪠⥫  VARS  STKEND,  ⥬  ॡ㥬  

      ୮ ⥪.

        11B-1A47 ணࠬ  . ᯮ    

     BASIC   ⨭   뢮 ᮮ饭.

        1A48-1B10    .      ⠡.   ࢠ

   ⠡ - ⠡ 뫮    ⠡  ࠬ஢.    ⠡

   ࠬ஢ ਢ .


                    ணࠬ
                           ࠧ⥫        
        1A7A   LET        01=02                 (2AFF)
        1A7D   GO TO      06 00                  1E67
        1A81   IF         06 THEN 05             1CF0



                                    19


        1A86   GO SUB     06 00                  1EED
        1A8A   STOP       00                     1CEE
        1A8D   RETURN     00                     1F23
        1A90   FOR        04=06 TO 06 05         1D03
        1A98   NEXT       04 00                  1DAB
        1A9C   PRINT      05                     1ECD
        1A9F   INPUT      05                     2089
        1AA2   DIM        05                     2C02
        1AA5   REM        05                     1BB2
        1AA8   NEW        00                     11B7
        1AAB   RUN        03                     1EA1
        1AAE   LIST       05                     17F9
        1AB1   POKE       08 00                  1E80
        1AB5   RANDOMIZE  03                     1E4F
        1AB8   CONTINUE   00                     1E5F
        1ABB   CLEAR      03                     1EAC
        1ABE   CLS        00                     0D6B
        1AC1   PLOT       09 00                  22DC
        1AC5   PAUSE      06 00                  1F3A
        1AC9   READ       05                     1DED
        1ACC   DATA       05                     1E27
        1ACF   RESTORE    03                     1E42
        1AD2   DRAW       09 05                  1382
        1AD6   COPY       00                     0EAC
        1AD9   LPRINT     05                     1FC9
        1ADC   LLIST      05                     17F5
        1ADF   SAVE       0B                    (0605)
        1AE0   LOAD       0B                    (0605)
        1AE1   VERIFY     0B                    (0605)
        1AE2   MERGE      0B                    (0605)
        1AE3   BEEP       08 00                  03F8
        1AE7   CIRCLE     09 05                  2320
        1AEB   INK        07                    (1C96)
        1AEC   PAPER      07                    (1C96)
        1AED   FLASH      07                    (1C96)
        1AEE   BRIGHT     07                    (1C96)
        1AEF   INVERS     07                    (1C96)
        1AF0   OVER       07                    (1C96)
        1AF1   OUT        08 00                  1E7A
        1AF5   BORDER     06 00                  2294
        1AF9   DEF FN     05                     1F60
        1AFC   OPEN       06,0A 00               1736
        1B02   CLOSE      06 00                  16E5
        1B06   FORMAT     0A 00                  1793
        1B0A   MOVE       0A,0A 00               1793
        1B10   ERASE      0A 00                  1793
        1B14   CAT        00                     1793

        ਬ砭:   ணࠬ      室  

                    ⠡.     ᪮.

        1B17-1C00 ࠢ ணࠬ  BASIC.   砥

   ஢ન  ।㥬  ப     訡,   室      ணࠬ

   ⢫   1B17  믮 ᫥騥 蠣:

        1) 뢠 䫠 ᨭ⠪ -  7 FLAGS.




                                    20


        2)   ப ஢    ४⭮,  ᯮ

   ணࠬ -LINE NUMBER   19FB.

        3) ⥬ ६,  ⠥ ⢮  ஢

    ப (SUBPPC), ⠭  .

        4) ⥬ ६ ERR-NR ⠭  FF.  ⥬  

   । ( 1B28-1BC3)  ᨭ⠪ ஢   

   ப.      砥   ⢨   ᨭ⠪᪨   訡    室

   ⢫  १  ணࠬ      1BB3-1BB6.     砥

   - 訡  ந室 १ ᮮ⢥ ணࠬ

   訡. ⨬,   訡 頥    ERR-NR,      

   㯥.

         砥 ।⢥ 樨  ப  BASIC  室

   㦨  1B8A.   ᨭ⠪  -    7  FLAGS,    

   ⠭.  ⥬    ப  ᬠਢ    ।.

   אַ    믮,  ᫨      ப  BASIC   

   樨. ,  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ ।⢥  

   BASIC  ᮤন  ⠪  ,    RUN,  GO  TO,  CONTINUE   

   ᮮ⢥騥 RETURN  NEXT,   㣨 ப

   ०, 祬 㤥 믮  ᫥ ⨦  ணࠬ.

          砥  믮   樨      믮

   ᫥騥 ⢨:

        1) ।  BASIC         ⠡

   .

        2)  ⠡ ࠬ஢ ।  ࢠ  ணࠬ  

     ⥬ 믮.

        3) 믮   ᫥騥   ணࠬ         

     ᮮ⢥騥  ࠧ⥫,         ⨣

   ﭨ,  ஬  ணࠬ  室  ணࠬ

   믮.

        4)    ஢   ᫥         ப,




                                    21


   ᬠਢ ᫥ ப.

        1C01-1C0C   .  ⠡ ᯮ  

   ᪠ ᭮  ࠧ ணࠬ  .

        1C0D-1CDD ணࠬ   .  ॡ,  ।塞

   ࠧ묨 ᠬ ,   㬬஢ ⠪:

         00 -  㣨 ஢.
         01 - LET. ॡ ६.
         02 - LET. ࠦ, ᫮  ப.
         03 - ᫮ ࠦ.  㬮砭 ᯮ .
         04 - ᫥饩    ᨬ쭠 ६.
         05 -    ⮢.
         06 -  ᫥ ᫮ ࠦ.
         07 -  梥.
         08 -  ᫥  ᫮ ࠦ, ࠧ
   ⮩.
         09  -        ??,    ⠬  梥  
   ।⢮ ࠦ.
         0A -  ᫥ ப ࠦ.
         0B - ணࠬ ࠢ 䮭.

        ணࠬ   쭮 ᫮   㦤 

   .    1CAD-1CBD,    ᮤঠ    ணࠬ

     07,  ।⠢  ᮡ  .        ᮤঠ

   ணࠬ,   ⥪騥 ६ ⥬ ६ 

   ᮮ⢥騥  ﭭ        뢠    

   室.

        1CDE-24FA ணࠬ .

        ணࠬ  ⮩  ᥪ樨  ⠪  ⮭  ᫮     ⠫쭮

   㦤  .  ன  ,    ᤥ  뫪  

   ࠧ ணࠬ   ⮬ ,      뢠

    ணࠬ 짮⥫.

        24FB-28B1 ᫨⥫ ࠦ.  ᭠  ணࠬ

    SP - ᫨⥫ 㭪権,  ॡ 㬥⮢,  -  믮

    ᫨⥫ ࠦ,  뤥  ⤥ ணࠬ.

    १  ᯮ짮  ⮣  ⮤   ணࠬ,   騩

   ᯮ짮  ணࠬ 㭪権,       

   ᫨⥫ ࠦ  ணࠬ VAL/VAL  (.   2

    ⠫樨).



                                    22


            ᭮  ,  易    ᫨⥫

   㭪権.       易    ⥬,    ணࠬ  

   ᫥饥 ࠦ  ନ  १.   १

     ⮢ ,  ࠭ ᫮  饩  ଥ

    ᫮ 祭   ࠬ஢  ப    ப

   祭.   砥    ᮤঠ ᫥  祭,

    ணࠬ 頥      ୮  ⥪.  

     믮 ᫨⥫ ࠦ  ⥪ ᥣ

   㢥稢   祭.

        ன    易    ⥬,      ᫨⥫   ࠦ

   ᯮ  祭  ਮ⮢,    樨        ᮪

   ਮ⮬  믮 ࠭ 権   ਮ⮬.

   樨    ࠢ묨  ਮ⠬    믮     浪

   ᬮ.  ⥬ SP 祭 ਮ⮢ 権,    

    믮, ࠭  設 ⥪    ।

     ⥪.  設 ⥪ ⠪ ࠭  ࠫ,

   ।騥,  ணࠬ  㤥 ᯮ짮  

   ࠧ 権. ﬨ ᫨⥫ ࠦ :

        24FB-24FE ࠭  設 ⥪ 㫥 祭 થ

   ਮ⮢.

        24AA-2794 ᭮ 横 ᫨⥫ ࠦ. १   横

   室   ࠦ.

        2530-2534 ணࠬ SYNTAX-Z.  ६  ஢ન  ᨭ⠪

   䫠    ⠭.

        2535-257F ணࠬ SCREEN$.

        2580-2590 ணࠬ ATTR.

        2596-25AE  㭪権,  ॡ 㬥⮢.

        25F8-2626 ணࠬ RND.

        2627-2634 ணࠬ PI.

        2635-2667 ணࠬ INKEY$.




                                    23


        2756-2758    ᯮ    ஬        믮

   ᯥ᪨ 権     ࠭.

        2795-27AF   ८ࠧ  権   ࠫ

   .

        27B0-27BC  ਮ⮢ 権.

        27BD-28B1 ணࠬ FN.

        28B2-2995 ணࠬ LOOK-VARS.   ணࠬ  뢠

   直 ࠧ,       ६.    ᯥ஢

   ६ 頥  ⥪饣 祭, ᫨ ६ 㦥

   ᯮ짮,  ⠭ ⢥騥 䫠  ⨢

   砥.

        2996-2A51   ணࠬ   STK-VARS.       ணࠬ,

   ᯮ㥬  ᪠ ப ६  ६ ᨢ.

   ࠬ ப   ᨢ    ୮

   ⥪.

        2A52-2AB0 ணࠬ  SLICING.    ப    

   뤥  ப.  ணࠬ 뢠  直  ࠧ,  

   ᯥ஢ 뤥.

        2AB1-2ACB ணࠬ  STK-STORE.  祭    ணࠬ,

    । ࠬ ⥪饩  ப  (ॣ  A,B,C,D,E)  

   뭩 ⥪. ⥪      祭.    

   ࠬ஢  ப  ॣ஢    BC  ᮤন     ப,

   ॣ஢  HL - 砫  ப, ॣ    筮  

   ᯮ    ᮤন  .    ॣ  F  ᮤন  1  

    稥  ᨢ.

        2AFF-2BF0  ணࠬ    LET.    ணࠬ  ᯥ樠쭮

   ।祭   LET   INPUT.    砥  ⮩  ᫮

   ६  ஥ 祭 ९뢠,    ६

       ⥪饣    ६.    砥  ⮩

   ப  ६    ஥  祭  㤥  㭨⮦  




                                    24


   ஥  ६    ६.  ,  ,  

   砥 ६ ᨢ, ஥ 祭 ᥣ ९뢠.

        2BF1-2C01  ணࠬ  STK-FETCH.  맮  ⮩   ணࠬ

   ਢ  १  孥  祭  ୮  ⥪  

   ॣ  A,B,C,D,E.    ⥪   㬥蠥      

   祭.  ⥬ SP ணࠬ  STK-STORE    STK-FETCH  筮

   ᯮ  ⠭ ࠬ஢ ப,      

   ⨡⮢ 饥 祭 ( ᯮ짮 窨  室  2AB2

    STK-STORE ਢ   ⮣ ).

        2C02-2C87 ணࠬ   DIM.    ணࠬ,  

   ⠭ ᯥ஢ ᨢ.  ᫨    ᨢ  㦥

   ,      ᨢ  ⮦   ०,   祬   

       ६.

        2C88-2F9A  ࠧ  䬥᪨  ணࠬ.   

     :

        2D22-2D27 ணࠬ STK-DIGIT. ஢  ASCII (16-筮

   30-39) ।   ⥪  饬 .

        2D28-2D2A  ணࠬ  STACK-A.  祭,   ᮤঠ饥   

   ॣ , 頥   ⥪.

        2D2B-2D3A ணࠬ STACK-BC. 祭 ॣ஢    BC

   ।   ⥪. ᭮,      ணࠬ

   ᯮ  ணࠬ  室    㭪樨  USR.  ⥫쭮

   ⥪饥  祭    ॣ஢    BC   ⠭   ᫥

   祭 ࠦ "USR ᫮". ⨬ ᮡ,  ॣ஢ 

   IY ᭮  ⠭    5C3A    ⮬  ᥣ   믮

   ४    ᫥  맮  㭪樨   USR.      ணࠬ,

   ᠭ 짮⥫,  室      ⮬,  ᫨

   ॣ஢  ᮤন  㥬  祭    ᯮ

   STACK-BC  STACK-A.

        2DA2-2DC0    ணࠬ    FP-TO-BC.     孥     祭




                                    25


   ୮ ⥪ 㯠뢠  ॣ஢  BC.

        2DD5-2DE2 ணࠬ FP-TO-A. 孥 祭  㯠뢠

    ॣ .

        2DE3-2F9A  ணࠬ  PRINT-FP.      祭   ᫮

   ணࠬ,  砥 孥 祭  ୮  ⥪

   (㬥    祭)  ⠥ ॡ㥬 ᫮    楫

    饬 ଠ.  ணࠬ ⠥ 祭  

   ⮢, ᨬ  ⮣,    ⢨⥫쭮 ᫮묨.

   (祭 ப  砥 㤨⥫.)

         ᢮ ࠡ  ணࠬ ᯮ ᯥ樠  

      5CA1-5CAA (⥬ ६ -3  -4).

        2F9B-386D ணࠬ .   ⮩ 

   ணࠬ   । 㦤.

        2F9B-300E  ࠧ 䬥᪨ ணࠬ.

        300F-3013  ࠫ  03   -   ⠭,   ࢠ      

   䬥᪨ ணࠬ.  ணࠬ ⠭   믮

     孨 祭ﬨ ୮ ⥪.  孥

   祭 ⠥   ᫥饣    १⮬  ᥣ  

   ୮ 祭  ᠬ    ୮  ⥪.  ⮬

   ⥪ 㬥蠥  ࠧ   祭.

        ⠭  ᬠਢ      ᫮      ⥫

   ᫠,   -b 믮  +(-b).

        3014-30A8  ࠫ  0F  -  ᫮.      祭   

   ୮ ⥪ 㬬   १⮬.

        30CA-31AE  ࠫ  04  -  㬭.     祭   

   ୮ ⥪ ६.

        31AF-3213  ࠫ  05  -   .      祭   

   ୮ ⥪  - 孥  祭    祭  

   .

        32C5-32D6   ⠭    .    祭




                                    26


       ⮩ ⠡. 祭 ࠭    㯠

   .   祭:  0,1,1/2,PI/2,10.    ⠭  ᯮ

   ࠫ 0-5      ୮  ⥪.  ⥪

   㢥稢   祭.

        32D7-335A ୠ ⠡ ᮢ.  ⠡  ᮤন

    66 ணࠬ,  뢠 ᯮ짮 

   ࠫ. ଠ, ᮤঠ  ⠡,  .


   ࠫ             ࠫ       
     00       368F    jump-true       21       37DA      tan
     01       343C    exchange        22       3833      asn
     02       33A1    delete          23       3843      acs
     03       300F    substraction    24       37E2      atn
     04       30CA    multiply        25       3713      in   ???
     05       31AF    division        26       36C4      exp
     06       3851    to-power        27       36AF      int
     07       351B    or              28       384A      sqr
     08       3524    no-&-no         29       3492      sgn
     09       353B    no-l-eq         2A       346A      abs
     0A       353B    no-gr-eq        2B       34AC      peek
     0B       353B    nos-negl        2C       34A5      in   ???
     0C       353B    no-gtr          2D       34B3      user-no
     0D       353B    no-less         2E       361F      strs
     0E       353B    nos-eql         2F       35S9      chrs
     0F       3014    addition        30       35C1      not
     10       352D    str-&-no        31       33C0      duplicate
     11       353B    str-l-eq        32       36A0      n-mod-m
     12       353B    str-gr-eq       33       3686      jump
     13       353B    strs-negl       34       33C6      stk-data
     14       353B    str-gtr         35       367A      dec-jr-nz
     15       353B    str-less        36       3506      less-0
     16       353B    str-gtr         37       34F9      greater-0
     17       3595    strs-add        38       369B      end-calc
     18       35DE    vals            39       3783      get-argt
     19       34BC    usr-s           3A       3214      truncate
     1A       3645    read-in         3B       33A2      fr-calc-2
     1B       346E    negate          3C       2D4F      e-to-fr
     1C       3669    code            3D       3297      restask
     1D       35DE    val             86 etc   3449      series-06  etc
     1E       3674    len             A0 etc   341B      constants
     1F       37B5    sin             C0 etc   342D      st-mem-0   etc
     20       37AA    cos             E0 etc   340F      get-mem-0  etc

        335B-33A1 ࠢ ணࠬ .

        33A2-33A8 ࠫ 3B -  "fp-calc-2".      ணࠬ

   ᯮ  ᫥ ࠦ  믮  䬥᪨

   権.  ⮣, ⮡  ᯮ짮    ணࠬ,  ࠫ

   䬥᪮ 樨   饭  ॣ B ०,  祬




                                    27


   㤥 ᯮ짮  "RST 0028".

        35DE-361E  ࠫ  1D  -  "val".    ᭮  ணࠬ  

    ᪮쪮 ᫮  室  ࠬ ⮩ .  

      ணࠬ  ⮨  ᬮ    ⠫쭮.  

   믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:

        - ࠬ ப 砥  ୮ ⥪;

        -  ࠡ祩  ⢮  筮      ப,

    ᨬ  ⪨;

        - ப   ࠡ       ᨬ

    ⪨;

        ...      ।      ⥪.     

   㯠      ᫥  ࠫ  34   -   "stk-data".

   ਬ,  ⮡   ᤥ   祭   "10"   ᫥   祭

   ୮ ⥪, :

      RST 0028    : ᯮ짮 
      34          : ᯮ짮 stk-data
      40 B0 00 0A : 㯠 
      38          : ᯮ짮 end-calc

        ࠫ  3D  -   "restask"   ⠪   ⮨   ᬮ.   

   ணࠬ  ᫥ 祭    ⥣ࠫ쭮    

   . ਬ,  祭 10

        00 00 0 00 00 㤥   84 20 00 00 00

         ࠬ  뢠 ⢨  祭,   㦥

   室  饩 ଥ.

        386E-3CFF  

















                                    28


                  4.   



        4.1. 

         ⮩  - ,    ணࠬ    設  

     ᠭ  SP ⭮⥫쭮  ,  ᯮ  讥

   ᫮ ணࠬ, ஥ ᥣ   ணࠬ .

             ⮤  ᭮뢠    BASIC',  ⠪  

   ᮮ⢥騥 ணࠬ 設  ࠧࠡ⠭, ⮡ 

     ।ᠭ  BASIC'.    ணࠬ      맢

   㭪樥  "USR  ᫮".  ᭮  ணࠬ         

   ନ஢ ⥬ ' 鸞   ணࠬ    設

   .

           ७   ⮩    㦤  ୮

   ணࠬ஢,  ⥫  ⬥,    BASIC-ணࠬ

    ணࠬ  設  㤥 ଠ쭮  믮    ਨ

   ⫠ ,     室    ਢ

    筮 १.

        4.2. ⭠ 

      10 D=32000:REM HEX LOADER
      20 DEF FN A(A$,B)=CODE A$(B)-48-7*(CODE A$(B)>57)
      30 DEF FN C(A$)=16*FN A(A$,1)+FN A(A$,2)
      40 READ A$:IF A$<>"**"THEN POKE D,FN C(A$):
      LET D=D+1:GO TO 40

        稪 㤥 뢠   DATA,  ஬  

   ᨬ 祭  窨  ⤥  㣨  묨. 

   ᨬ "**" ᯮ  ਧ .

         HEX LOADER  ᮢᥬ 室      ணࠬ  

   ।⥫쭠 ᫥ ணࠬ:

      10 LET D=32000:REM HEX INPUT
      20 DEF FN A(A$,B)=CODE A$(B)-48-7*(CODE A$(B)>57)
      30 DEF FN C(A$)=16*FN A(A$,1)+FN A(A$,2)
      40 DEF FN G$(F)=CHR$(F+48+7*(F>9))
      50 DEF FN H$(E)=FN C$(INT(E/16))+FN G$(E-16*INT(E/16))
      60 DIM A$(2)
      70 PRINT FN H$(PEEK D);TAB 7;FN H$(INT(D/256);FN H$(D-256*INT(D/256
      80 INPUT A$



                                    29


      90 LET L=1
      100 IF A$(1)="U" THEN L=-1:GO TO 130
      110 IF A$(1)="*" THEN GO TO 160
      120 IF A$(1)<>CHR$(32) THEN POKE D,FN C(A$)
      130 PRINT TAB 16;F4N H$(PEEK D)
      140 LET D=D+L
      150 GO TO 70
      160 INPUT "PRESS ANY KEY TO RUN THE ROUTINE";A$
      170 RANDOMIZE USR 32000

        ਬ砭: ᯮ ணࠬ CAPS LOCK SET:

        -  祭   16- ᨬ.

        - ᯮ ENTER  믮 蠣 ।.

        - ᯮ "U"  ENTER, 믮 蠣 .

        - ᯮ "*"  ENTER  믮 ணࠬ.

        - ப 160  짮⥫  !

        ᯮ  襯ਢ  ணࠬ,  ⥫    

   ,  ஢  ணࠬ    設  .  ⥫  

   ᢥ  ணࠬ SAVE । ⥬  ᯮ짮    ,

   ⠪     "਩" 樨  ⥬.

        ⥫ 㤥 ࠤ   襯ਢ  ணࠬ,  ⮡

   믮  -  ।  ,   ਬ   16-

   ᨬ   ॣ  ..

        4.3.  BEEP

         BASIC  BEEP  ᫥ :

        BEEP ⥫쭮,  ⮭,

         "⥫쭮"      ⥫쭮  稭,  

   ॢ饩 10,  " ⮭" -  ⥫    ⥫

   ᫮, 㪠뢠騬,   室   । "".

         ணࠬ 設    ᮡ ⮤,  묨

   ணࠬ BEEP   믮.   ࢮ  ⮤  室

   맢  ணࠬ  BEEPER     ᮮ⢥騬   稭   

   ॣ஢  DE  HL.  ஬ ⮤    맢  

   BEEP,  稭  ⥫쭮   ⮭  ୮

   ⥪.   ⮤  ⥯ .




                                    30


        ⮤ 1.

        ᯮ ணࠬ HEX INPUT, :

   7D00  11 05 01   LD DE,+0105    ⥫쭮 1 ᥪ
   7D03  21 66 06   LD HL,+0666     ⮭
   7D06  CD B5 03   CALL BEEPER
   7D09  C9         RET

         襯ਢ ணࠬ 㤥 믮,     

    䥪,  BEEP 1,0.

        稭 ॣ஢  ᫥騬. ᬮਬ    

    f. ਬ, ।  ""    SP  ਭ    261.63  .

   "⥫쥭",   ॣ஢  DE  -  f*t.  稭

     ॣ஢ HL ।⠢   437.500/f.  ,  

    ᯮ짮 ⮣ ⮤  ࠭祭    ⥫쭮  10

   ᥪ㭤.

        ⮤ 2.

        ᯮ ணࠬ HEX INPUT, :

   7D00  3E 01      LD A,+01       ⥫쭮 1 ᥪ
   7D02  CD 28 2D   CALL STACK-A   ॢ  ⥪
   7D05  3E 00      LD A,+00        ⮭
   7D07  CD 28 2D   CALL STACK-A   ॢ  ⥪
   7D0A  CD F8 03   CALL BEEP
   7D0D  C9         RET

        ,   ணࠬ 믮,  䥪  㤥    

   BEEP 1,0.

         ᯮ짮 ணࠬ STACK-A    楫  祭,  

   ணࠬ STK-DATA  ᯮ짮  㣨  稭.  

     BEEP 1.3,-1.2  㤥 룫拉:

   7D00  EF         RST 0028       ᯮ짮 
   7D01  34         DEFB +34       stk-data
   7D02  F1         DEFB           ᯮ 81
   7D03  26666666   DEFBs           (= . 1.3)
   7D07  34         DEFB +34       stk-data
   7D08  F1         DEFB           ᯮ 81
   7D09  8F5C28F6   DEFBs           (= . -1.12)
   7D0D  38         DEFB +38       end-calc
   7D0E  CDF803     CALL BEEP
   7D11  C9         RET

        ⮡   㪮, 稭     ⠡

    롨  ॡ.



                                    31


        4.4. ࠭  㧪

        ணࠬ  SAVE-BYTES    LOAD-BYTES    뢠   

   設   ᯮᮡ.

          砥 ॣ஢    IX    ᮤঠ  "

    祭"   ॣ஢ DE - "稪 ⮢".  ਬ,

   ᫠      7E00    7EFF  ⥫쭮.  IX  㤥

   ᮤঠ 7E00,  DE - 100.

         ॣ A 뢠  稭  +FF,  ⮡  ,  

   ९뢠  .

        । 믮 LOAD   ⠭ 䫠 ७.

         ணࠬ ୨ :

   7D00  3E FF        LD A,+FF            㪠⥫ " "
   7D02  DD 21 00 7E  LD IX,+START        ⠭  IX
   7D06  11 00 01     LD DE,+COUNT        ⠭  DE
   7D09  CD C2 04     CALL SAVE-BYTES     믮 ࠭
   7D0C  C9           RET

        ,    ࠭    "",    㧪

   㤥  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ ⭮ ⢮ ⮢.

        ணࠬ 㧪 㤥 ᫥:

   7D00  37           SCF                 ⠭ 䫠 ७
                                          (뢠  VERIFY)
   7D01  3E FF        LD A,+FF            㪠⥫  
   7D03  DD 21 00 75  LD IX,+START
   7D07  11 00 01     LD DE,+COUNT
   7D0A  CD 56 05     CALL LOAD-BYTES     믮 㧪
   7D0D  C9           RET



        4.5.  梥

         ⥬ SP   ਡ⮢  ᫥騩 :

       7     - 1  FLASH
       6     - 1  BRIGHT
       5-3  - 梥 PAPER
       2-0  - 梥 INK

          ⭮    768  ⠬      ਡ⮢    

   ⥬ ६ BORDER, ATTR-P, ATTR-T, MASK-P, MASK-T.

           ਡ ⠬  ⥬  ६  P-FLAG

   ᯮ  ࠭ ﭭ  ६ 䫠  PAPER 9,



                                    32


   INK 9, INVERSE  OVER.

          P-FLAG -  6,4,2,0  ६묨  䫠,

      - 7,5,3,1  ﭭ묨 䫠.

          設⢥  SP   ᯮ   ६   稭,   

    祭  ਡ⭮  .      ।

   ᫮,  믮 ணࠬ CLS,  ᯮ  ﭭ

   稭.

          BORDER        ⮢   梥      ⥯

   ᬠਢ  ।.



        4.5.1. BORDER

          ६ 梥    ⥬ ᯮ짮

   樨 OUT(+FF),A.    筮  易    ࠭

    祭 梥   5-3 BORDR. ,  㣨  

   ஫ , મ  梥 ୨   ࠭.

         ணࠬ  뢠,    ࠧ  梥  

    ,  BORDER   祭.

   7D00  3E 02     LD A,'RED'       
   7D02  D3 FE     OUT(+FE),A       
   7D04  07        RLCA            梥  -
   7D05  07        RLCA            뫠    
   7D06  07        RLCA            5-3 ॣ A
   7D07  CB 6F     BIT 5,A         梥 ୨ 
   7D09  20 02     JR NZ,BORD-2      -
   7D0B  EE 07     XOR +07          ⥭
   7D0D  32 48 5C  LD (BORDR),A   ⠭ BORDR
   7D10  C9        RET

        :

 